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Abstract

Recurrence Plots (RPs) were developed at the end of the 1980’s as visualization tools for
complex dynamics exhibited by time series measures from physical and dynamic systems.
At the beginning of the 1990’s RPs were further developed into Recurrence Quantification
Analysis (RQA), which allowed for numerical characterizations – and analyses – of such
time series. In the past couple of years, RQA has been further developed to analyze coupling between two time series, the dynamics of multivariate time series, and can be used
to derive correlations between two multivariate time series. The aim of the current paper
is to expand on another line of development, which is to extend recurrence-based techniques to the analysis of sample data – here, specifically to use RQA in order to perform
the classical or so-called first-order Configural Frequency Analysis (CFA), as developed
by Lienert in the 1970’s. First, RQA and some of its extensions will be introduced, that
allow to properly deal with multidimensional categorical time series or sequences. Then,
we will combine these existing techniques to create a framework that can perform a CFAtype of analysis, based on a bootstrap approach.