A massive Keplerian protostellar disk with flyby-induced spirals in the Central 
Molecular Zone

Lu, Xing; Li, Guang-Xing; Zhang, Qizhou; Lin, Yuxin

doi:10.1038/s41550-022-01681-4

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A massive Keplerian protostellar disk with flyby-induced spirals in the Central Molecular Zone

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Lin, Yuxin
MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Lu, X., Li, G.-X., Zhang, Q., & Lin, Y. (2022). A massive Keplerian protostellar disk with flyby-induced spirals in the Central Molecular Zone. Nature astronomy, 2022(6), 837-843. doi:10.1038/s41550-022-01681-4.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000B-CA65-0

Abstract

Accretion disks are an essential component in the paradigm of the formation of low-mass stars. Recent observations further identify disks surrounding low-mass pre-main-sequence stars perturbed by flybys. Whether disks around more massive stars evolve in a similar manner has become an urgent question. We report the discovery of a Keplerian disk of a few solar masses surrounding a 32 M_⊙ protostar in the Sagittarius C cloud around the Galactic Centre. The disk is gravitationally stable with two embedded spirals. A combined analysis of analytical solutions and numerical simulations demonstrates that the most likely scenario to form the spirals is through external perturbations induced by a close flyby, and one such perturber with the expected parameters is identified. The massive, early O-type star embedded in this disk forms in a similar manner as do low-mass stars, in the sense of not only disk-mediated accretion, but also flyby-impacted disk evolution.