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Journal Article

Origins of genome-editing excisases as illuminated by the somatic genome of the ciliate Blepharisma

MPS-Authors
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Singh,  M       
Research Group Ciliate Genomics and Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Max Planck Society;

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Seah,  BKB       
Research Group Ciliate Genomics and Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Max Planck Society;

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Emmerich,  C
Research Group Ciliate Genomics and Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Max Planck Society;

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Singh,  A       
Research Group Ciliate Genomics and Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Max Planck Society;

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Swart,  EC       
Research Group Ciliate Genomics and Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Singh, M., Seah, B., Emmerich, C., Singh, A., Woehle, C., Huettel, B., et al. (2023). Origins of genome-editing excisases as illuminated by the somatic genome of the ciliate Blepharisma. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 120(4): e2213887120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2213887120.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000C-70EC-C
Abstract
Massive DNA excision occurs regularly in ciliates, ubiquitous microbial eukaryotes with somatic and germline nuclei in the same cell. Tens of thousands of internally eliminated sequences (IESs) scattered throughout the ciliate germline genome are deleted during the development of the streamlined somatic genome. The genus Blepharisma represents one of the two high-level ciliate clades (subphylum Postciliodesmatophora) and, unusually, has dual pathways of somatic nuclear and genome development. This makes it ideal for investigating the functioning and evolution of these processes. Here we report the somatic genome assembly of Blepharisma stoltei strain ATCC 30299 (41 Mbp), arranged as numerous telomere-capped minichromosomal isoforms. This genome encodes eight PiggyBac transposase homologs no longer harbored by transposons. All appear subject to purifying selection, but just one, the putative IES excisase, has a complete catalytic triad. We hypothesize that PiggyBac homologs were ancestral excisases that enabled the evolution of extensive natural genome editing.