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Symbiont rejuvenation in an ancient nutritional symbiosis? Clade specific evolution of the chemosynthetic Ca. Riegeria symbionts is linked to rare host switching in the mouthless marine flatworm Paracatenula

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Seah,  B       
Research Group Ciliate Genomics and Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck Society;

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https://www.dghm-vaam.de/fileadmin/congress/media/dghmvaam2020/druckelemente/VAAM2022_abstract_booklet.pdf
(Abstract)

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Citation

Gruber-Vodicka, H., Jäckle, O., & Seah, B. (2022). Symbiont rejuvenation in an ancient nutritional symbiosis? Clade specific evolution of the chemosynthetic Ca. Riegeria symbionts is linked to rare host switching in the mouthless marine flatworm Paracatenula. Poster presented at Annual Conference of the Association for General and Applied Microbiology (VAAM 2022) Digital, Düsseldorf/Jülich, Germany.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000C-C50E-7
Abstract
Without the influx of new genetic material, the genomes of obligate and vertically transmitted symbionts ultimately disintegrate. Symbiosis breakdown often is avoided via complementation from secondary symbionts or via host encoded functions. Mouthless Paracatenula flatworms obligately depend on their intracellular Cand. Riegeria symbionts for all aspects of nutrition. Here we show that in this hundreds of millions of year old chemosynthetic association, strong stabilizing selection for the symbiont shields all essential biosynthetic pathways from disruption. The symbiont genomes for a large diversity of host species show no signs of disintegration, are between 1.2 and 1.5 Mb and code for complete host nutrition and efficient chemoautotrophy. The symbionts provide all building blocks for macromolecules, all vitamins and co-factors and a variety of storage options for the holobiont. Despite the stable vertical transmission for the majority of host clades, we observe rare symbiont switching events that are linked to patterns of genome rejuvenation such as multiple gene gains and a maximum genome size of 2.0 Mb. Apparently, rare rebirth fuels the evolutionary ecology of one of the oldest animal-microbe interactions.