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Models for the generation of the embryonic body axes: ontogenetic and evolutionary aspects

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Meinhardt,  H       
Department Integrative Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Meinhardt, H. (2004). Models for the generation of the embryonic body axes: ontogenetic and evolutionary aspects. Opinion in Genetics & Development, 14(4), 446-454. doi:10.1016/j.gde.2004.06.012.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000D-3BB9-1
Abstract
Coelenterates including hydra are assumed to be close to the last common ancestor before bilaterality evolved. Models based on local self-enhancement and long-range inhibition account for pattern formation and regeneration along this ancestral axis. The body of a hydra-like ancestor evolved into the brain and heart of higher organisms, accounting for the close relationship of both patterning processes. Bilateria require a long-extended organizing region to pattern their dorsoventral axis. Models reveal the difficulties in the generation of such a stripe-like organizer and account for different mechanisms realized in vertebrates and insects. Common pathways involved in hydra budding and in the formation of appendages in higher organisms suggest a possible link.