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Abstract

Recent advancements with trapped nano- and micro-particles have enabled the
exploration of motional states on unprecedented scales. Rotational degrees of
freedom stand out due to their intrinsic non-linearity and their coupling with
internal spin degrees of freedom, opening up possibilities for gyroscopy and
magnetometry applications and the creation of macroscopic quantum
superpositions. However, current techniques for fast and reliable rotation of
particles with internal spins face challenges, such as optical absorption and
heating issues. Here, to address this gap, we demonstrate electrically driven
rotation of micro-particles levitating in Paul traps. We show that
micro-particles can be set to rotate stably at 150,000 rpm by operating in a
hitherto unexplored parametrically driven regime using the particle electric
quadrupolar moment. Moreover, the spin states of nitrogen-vacancy centers in
diamonds undergoing full rotation were successfully controlled, allowing
accurate angular trajectory reconstruction and demonstrating high rotational
stability over extended periods. These achievements mark progress toward
interfacing full rotation with internal magnetic degrees of freedom in
micron-scale objects. In particular, it extends significantly the type of
particles that can be rotated, such as ferromagnets, which offers direct
implications for the study of large gyromagnetic effects at the micro-scale.