Charging and rotational dependence of line position

Freund, Hans-Joachim; Gonska, H.; Lohneiss, H.; Hohlneicher, G.

doi:10.1016/0368-2048(77)85093-7

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Charging and rotational dependence of line position

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Freund, H.-J., Gonska, H., Lohneiss, H., & Hohlneicher, G. (1977). Charging and rotational dependence of line position. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, 12(4), 425-434. doi:10.1016/0368-2048(77)85093-7.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000E-551F-1

Abstract

For a charged sample the measured binding energies depend on the location of the sample within the sample chamber^{1, 2}. If it is only the angle between the sample surface and the analyser which is varied then the line position depends, in a characteristic way, on the rotation angle. This dependence can be used to prove whether or not a sample is charged. In addition, the amount of rotational dependence of line positions gives an indication of the magnitude of charging.