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Neuropeptides control larval specific behavior in nemerteans and brachiopods

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Bauknecht,  P       
Research Group Neurobiology of Marine Zooplankton, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck Society;

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Jékely,  G       
Research Group Neurobiology of Marine Zooplankton, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Thiel, D., Bauknecht, P., Jékely, G., & Hejnol, A. (2016). Neuropeptides control larval specific behavior in nemerteans and brachiopods. Poster presented at 6th Meeting of the European Society for Evolutionary Developmental Biology (EURO EVO DEVO 2016), Uppsala, Sweden.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000E-362C-5
Abstract
Animal nervous systems utilize a wide array of neuropeptides for signal transmission. Contrary to classical neurotransmitters, which only transfer action potentials, neuropeptides act in diverse ways and are often involved in triggering or altering physiological and behavioral responses. Since most studies in marine protostomes have been so far focused on annelids or molluscs, nothing is known about neuropeptides in brachio- pods and nemerteans. Using an integrative approach that combines comparative transcriptomics, phylogenetic analysis, motif searches, mass spectrometry and in situ hybridization, we identified and localized a set of neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptors in the larvae of two bra- chiopod species (Novocrania anomala and Terebratalia transversa) and two nemertean species (Lineus longissimus and Lineus ruber). Behavioral assays and molecular analyses show the specific involvement of the FMRFamide-like peptide (FLP) FLRFamide in the defense behavior of T. transversa larvae that are triggered by muscular contraction. This mirrors the role of FLPs in the myoactivity of other metazoans. We also examined the trochozoan specific „excitatory peptide“ that was formerly known to be connected with muscular activity in annelids and molluscs, and de- monstrate that it specifically influences ciliary beating of L. longissimus larvae. Both peptides signal via specific G protein-coupled receptors. By receptor deorphanization, we confirm the trochozoan-specific „excitato- ry peptide“ receptor group and a group of FLP receptors that is different from those of insect FLP receptors. These two examples demonstrate that neuropeptides show a high variation regarding their utilization during evolution. Although broadly conserved functions can be found throughout metazoans, we also demonstrate that lineage specific neu- ropeptides can be recruited for different functions, which indicates rapid evolution of these essential molecules.