Evolutionary diversification of methanotrophic ANME-1 archaea and their 
expansive virome

Laso-Perez, Rafael; Wu, Fabai; Cremiere, Antoine; Speth, Daan R.; Magyar, John S.; Zhao, Kehan; Krupovic, Mart; Orphan, Victoria J.

doi:10.1038/s41564-022-01297-4

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Evolutionary diversification of methanotrophic ANME-1 archaea and their expansive virome

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Speth, Daan R.
Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Laso-Perez, R., Wu, F., Cremiere, A., Speth, D. R., Magyar, J. S., Zhao, K., et al. (2023). Evolutionary diversification of methanotrophic ANME-1 archaea and their expansive virome. NATURE MICROBIOLOGY, 8(2), 231-+. doi:10.1038/s41564-022-01297-4.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000E-46E2-4

Abstract

ANME-1 archaea are important because of their ability to metabolize methane through anaerobic oxidation. Here the authors use metagenomics on hydrothermal samples from the Gulf of California to characterize a family of ANME-1 and its virome.
'Candidatus Methanophagales' (ANME-1) is an order-level clade of archaea responsible for anaerobic methane oxidation in deep-sea sediments. The diversity, ecology and evolution of ANME-1 remain poorly understood. In this study, we use metagenomics on deep-sea hydrothermal samples to expand ANME-1 diversity and uncover the effect of virus-host dynamics. Phylogenetic analyses reveal a deep-branching, thermophilic family, 'Candidatus Methanospirareceae', closely related to short-chain alkane oxidizers. Global phylogeny and near-complete genomes show that hydrogen metabolism within ANME-1 is an ancient trait that was vertically inherited but differentially lost during lineage diversification. Metagenomics also uncovered 16 undescribed virus families so far exclusively targeting ANME-1 archaea, showing unique structural and replicative signatures. The expansive ANME-1 virome contains a metabolic gene repertoire that can influence host ecology and evolution through virus-mediated gene displacement. Our results suggest an evolutionary continuum between anaerobic methane and short-chain alkane oxidizers and underscore the effects of viruses on the dynamics and evolution of methane-driven ecosystems.