Design and performance of the field cage for the XENONnT experiment

XENON Collaboration; Aprile, E.; Abe, K.; Ahmed Maouloud, S.; Althueser, L.; Andrieu, B.; Angelino, E.; Angevaare, J. R.; Antochi, V. C.; Antón Martin, D.; Arneodo, F.; Baudis, L.; Baxter, A. L.; Bazyk, M.; Bellagamba, L.; Biondi, R.; Bismark, A.; Brookes, E. J.; Brown, A.; Bruenner, S.; Bruno, G.; Budnik, R.; Bui, T. K.; Cai, C.; Cardoso, J. M. R.; Cichon, D.; Cimental Chávez, A. P.; Colijn, A. P.; Conrad, J.; Cuenca-García, J. J.; Cussonneau, J. P.; D’Andrea, V.; Decowski, M. P.; Di Gangi, P.; Diglio, S.; Eitel, K.; Elykov, A.; Farrell, S.; Ferella, A. D.; Ferrari, C.; Fischer, H.; Flierman, M.; Fulgione, W.; Fuselli, C.; Gaemers, P.; Gaior, R.; Gallo Rosso, A.; Galloway, M.; Gao, F.; Glade-Beucke, R.; Grandi, L.; Grigat, J.; Guan, H.; Guida, M.; Hammann, R.; Higuera, A.; Hils, C.; Hoetzsch, L.; Hood, N. F.; Howlett, J.; Iacovacci, M.; Itow, Y.; Jakob, J.; Joerg, F.; Joy, A.; Kara, M.; Kavrigin, P.; Kazama, S.; Kobayashi, M.; Koltman, G.; Kopec, A.; Kuger, F.; Landsman, H.; Lang, R. F.; Levinson, L.; Li, I.; Li, S.; Liang, S.; Lindemann, S.; Lindner, M.; Liu, K.; Loizeau, J.; Lombardi, F.; Long, J.; Lopes, J. A. M.; Ma, Y.; Macolino, C.; Mahlstedt, J.; Mancuso, A.; Manenti, L.; Marignetti, F.; Marrodán Undagoitia, T.; Martens, K.; Masbou, J.; Masson, D.; Masson, E.; Mastroianni, S.; Messina, M.; Miuchi, K.; Molinario, A.; Moriyama, S.; Morå, K.; Mosbacher, Y.; Murra, M.; Müller, J.; Ni, K.; Oberlack, U.; Paetsch, B.; Palacio, J.; Pellegrini, Q.; Peres, R.; Peters, C.; Pienaar, J.; Pierre, M.; Plante, G.; Pollmann, T. R.; Qi, J.; Qin, J.; Ramírez García, D.; Šarˇcevi´c, N.; Shi, J.; Singh, R.; Sanchez, L.; dos Santos, J. M. F.; Sarnoff, I.; Sartorelli, G.; Schreiner, J.; Schulte, D.; Schulte, P.; Schulze Eißing, H.; Schumann, M.; Scotto Lavina, L.; Selvi, M.; Semeria, F.; Shagin, P.; Shi, S.; Shockley, E.; Silva, M.; Simgen, H.; Takeda, A.; Tan, P.-L.; Terliuk, A.; Thers, D.; Toschi, F.; Trinchero, G.; Tunnell, C.; Tönnies, F.; Valerius, K.; Volta, G.; Weinheimer, C.; Weiss, M.; Wenz, D.; Wittweg, C.; Wolf, T.; Wu, V. H. S.; Xing, Y.; Xu, D.; Xu, Z.; Yamashita, M.; Yang, L.; Ye, J.; Yuan, L.; Zavattini, G.; Zhong, M.; Zhu, T.

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12296-y

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Journal Article

Design and performance of the field cage for the XENONnT experiment

MPS-Authors

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Biondi, R.
Division Prof. Dr. Manfred Lindner, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons101514

Cichon, D.
Division Prof. Dr. Manfred Lindner, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons268185

Guida, M.
Division Prof. Dr. Manfred Lindner, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons263192

Hammann, R.
Division Prof. Dr. Manfred Lindner, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons213185

Hoetzsch, L.
Division Prof. Dr. Manfred Lindner, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons200202

Joerg, F.
Division Prof. Dr. Manfred Lindner, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons30768

Lindner, M.
Division Prof. Dr. Manfred Lindner, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

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Marrodán Undagoitia, T.
Division Prof. Dr. Manfred Lindner, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons291860

Palacio, J.
Division Prof. Dr. Manfred Lindner, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons31012

Schreiner, J.
Division Prof. Dr. Manfred Lindner, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons31050

Simgen, H.
Division Prof. Dr. Manfred Lindner, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

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Terliuk, A.
Division Prof. Dr. Manfred Lindner, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons295961

Volta, G.
Division Prof. Dr. Manfred Lindner, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons86843

Wolf, T.
Division Prof. Dr. Manfred Lindner, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Abe, K., Ahmed Maouloud, S., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., et al. (2024). Design and performance of the field cage for the XENONnT experiment. The European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields, 84: 138. doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12296-y.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000E-645A-D

Abstract

The precision in reconstructing events detected in a dual-phase time projection chamber depends on an homogeneous and well understood electric field within the liquid target. In the XENONnT TPC the field homogeneity is achieved through a double-array field cage, consisting of two nested arrays of field shaping rings connected by an easily accessible resistor chain. Rather than being connected to the gate electrode, the topmost field shaping ring is independently biased, adding a degree of freedom to tune the electric field during operation. Two-dimensional finite element simulations were used to optimize the field cage, as well as its operation. Simulation results were compared to ^83mKr calibration data. This comparison indicates an accumulation of charge on the panels of the TPC which is constant over time, as no evolution of the reconstructed position distribution of events is observed. The simulated electric field was then used to correct the charge signal for the field dependence of the charge yield. This correction resolves the inconsistent measurement of the drift electron lifetime when using different calibrations sources and different field cage tuning voltages.