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Abstract

After landing on the target, the kinetic energy can be dissipated within the fragment if it consists of many elements (as in the example of the Kerttu-Ender fragment, Fig. 2). If it consists of only a few elements, as is the case for most fragments traveling longer distances, the kinetic energy is dissipated by rolling. In the case of impact fragmentation, rolling was the only possible displacement process of the fragments. Their typical rolling distances were of the order of several 100 μm , suggesting that the relevant forces between dust and target are of the van der Waals type. After adding the rolling contribution for the simplest case of a single element emitted, the total ejection distance becomes