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Journal Article

Late Pleistocene to late Holocene palaeoecology and human foraging at Kuumbi Cave, Zanzibar Island

MPS-Authors
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Iminjili,  Victor
Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Max Planck Society;

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Stewart,  Mathew       
Extreme Events Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Max Planck Society;

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Culley,  Courtney
Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Max Planck Society;

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Hixon,  Sean
Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Max Planck Society;

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Bleasdale,  Madeleine
Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Max Planck Society;

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Sánchez Flores,  Antonio Jesús
Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Max Planck Society;

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Lucas,  Mary       
Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Max Planck Society;

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Ilgner,  Jana
Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Max Planck Society;

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Crowther,  Alison
Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Max Planck Society;
Extreme Events Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Max Planck Society;

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Boivin,  Nicole L.
Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Max Planck Society;

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Roberts,  Patrick       
Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Max Planck Society;
isoTROPIC Independent Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Iminjili, V., Stewart, M., Culley, C., Hixon, S., Goldstein, S., Bleasdale, M., et al. (2023). Late Pleistocene to late Holocene palaeoecology and human foraging at Kuumbi Cave, Zanzibar Island. Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology, 2: 1080785. doi:10.3389/fearc.2023.1080785.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000F-EEAB-5
Abstract
Background: Climate change played a major role in shaping regional human-environment interactions in Africa during the late Pleistocene-Holocene, but this topic has not been exhaustively studied, particularly in eastern Africa. While there is growing evidence that the coastal and island settings in this region played a critical role in human evolution, combined archaeological and palaeoenvironmental studies have tended to focus on the arid interior and show the dominance of grasslands with patches of closed and open woodlands during the last 20,000 years.

Methods: Here, we present stable carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of zooarchaeological remains (n = 229) recovered from Kuumbi Cave, Zanzibar Island, spanning the last glacial period and the Holocene (20,000 to 500 cal. BP).

Results: Our data demonstrate that the vicinity of Kuumbi Cave was consistently covered by mosaic habitats, dominated by forests and small patches of open woodland and grassland. The inhabitants of Kuumbi Cave exploited these diverse tropical habitats even after the regional arrival of agriculture.

Discussion: We suggest that the stable coastal forest mosaic habitats acted as a refugium for foragers during glacial periods and that the Iron Age inhabitants of Kuumbi Cave were not food producers migrating from the interior, but rather Indigenous foragers interacting with food production.