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Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer countless possibilities for next-generation (opto)electronic devices because of their diverse and tailorable physicochemical characteristics. To bridge the gap between fundamental science and practical applications, simple-to-use universal approaches are essential for the mass production of 2D materials with specific target properties. Electrochemical intercalation/exfoliation stands out from many up-scalable synthetic strategies, thanks to its great time efficiency, mild working conditions, and simple instrumentation. Besides the use for direct exfoliation of 2D materials, device-level controllable intercalation of guest species often results in rich phase diagrams with competing orders and ground states in 2D systems, giving rise to new exotic quantum phenomena. Therefore, making use of electrochemistry in ion intercalation and host–guest interaction is crucial to expand the library, as well as the function of 2D materials. Here, we present a focused review of the exciting advances of electrochemical exfoliation and engineering of 2D materials, including intercalation strategies, intercalation chemistry, exfoliation mechanisms, material properties, and potential applications. An outlook on the major challenges and perspectives is also presented at the end of the discussion.