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Electronic energy level determination in the 4f-subshell in highly charged lead and the 5d-subshell in highly charged bismuth by atomic structure calculation-assisted optical spectroscopy

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Rosner,  Michael Karl       
Division Prof. Dr. Thomas Pfeifer, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Rosner, M. K. (2024). Electronic energy level determination in the 4f-subshell in highly charged lead and the 5d-subshell in highly charged bismuth by atomic structure calculation-assisted optical spectroscopy. PhD Thesis, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0010-4680-E
Abstract
In semi-filled subshells of highly charged ions (HCIs), intra-configuration fine-structure transitions shift from the infrared to the optical range. The electronic states in nd and nf subshells cover a variety of different total angular momenta, potentially featuring higher-order multipole clock transitions.

By utilising laser-induced ablation inside an electron beam ion trap (EBIT), restrictions on elements applicable as HCIs for optical spectroscopy have been lifted. Optical spectra of Pb21+ to Pb33+ and Bi9+ to Bi14+ were recorded with high resolution thanks to a newly developed algorithm to correct for thermal drifts. These were compared to dedicated atomic structure calculations. Information about the level structure of 4f3 to 5s24f13 in lead and 5d1 to 5d6 in bismuth were inferred.

The presented level structure determinations are valuable as a benchmark for atomic structure calculations and are an essential step towards vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopy in the search for higher-order optical clock transitions in the examined ions.