Implantable silicon neural probes with nanophotonic phased arrays for 
single-lobe beam steering

Chen, Fu-Der; Sharma, Ankita; Xue, Tianyuan; Jung, Youngho; Govdeli, Alperen; Mak, Jason C. C.; Chameh, Homeira Moradi; Movahed, Mandana; Brunk, Michael G. K.; Luo, Xianshu; Chua, Hongyao; Lo, Patrick Guo-Qiang; Valiante, Taufik A.; Sacher, Wesley D.; Poon, Joyce K. S.

doi:10.1038/s44172-024-00328-8

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Implantable silicon neural probes with nanophotonic phased arrays for single-lobe beam steering

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Chen, Fu-Der
Nanophotonics, Integration, and Neural Technology, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Max Planck Society;
Max Planck - University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Max Planck Society;

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Sharma, Ankita
Nanophotonics, Integration, and Neural Technology, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Max Planck Society;
Max Planck - University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons277233

Xue, Tianyuan
Nanophotonics, Integration, and Neural Technology, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons258007

Jung, Youngho
Nanophotonics, Integration, and Neural Technology, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons269781

Govdeli, Alperen
Nanophotonics, Integration, and Neural Technology, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons286697

Brunk, Michael G. K.
Nanophotonics, Integration, and Neural Technology, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Max Planck Society;
Max Planck - University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Max Planck Society;

Valiante, Taufik A.
External Organizations;
Max Planck - University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons258003

Sacher, Wesley D.
Nanophotonics, Integration, and Neural Technology, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Max Planck Society;
Max Planck - University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons257612

Poon, Joyce K. S.
Nanophotonics, Integration, and Neural Technology, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Max Planck Society;
Max Planck - University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Chen, F.-D., Sharma, A., Xue, T., Jung, Y., Govdeli, A., Mak, J. C. C., et al. (2024). Implantable silicon neural probes with nanophotonic phased arrays for single-lobe beam steering. Communications Engineering, 3: 182. doi:10.1038/s44172-024-00328-8.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0010-69B2-F

Abstract

In brain activity mapping with optogenetics, patterned illumination is crucial for targeted neural stimulation. However, due to optical scattering in brain tissue, light-emitting implants are needed to bring patterned illumination to deep brain regions. A promising solution is silicon neural probes with integrated nanophotonic circuits that form tailored beam patterns without lenses. Here we propose neural probes with grating-based light emitters that generate a single steerable beam. The light emitters, optimized for blue or amber light, combine end-fire optical phased arrays with slab gratings to suppress higher-order sidelobes. In vivo experiments in mice demonstrated that the optical phased array provided sufficient power for optogenetic stimulation. While beam steering performance in tissue reveals challenges, including beam broadening from scattering and the need for a wider steering range, this proof-of-concept demonstration illustrates the design principles for realizing compact optical phased arrays capable of continuous single-beam scanning, laying the groundwork for advancing optical phased arrays toward targeted optogenetic stimulation.