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Musical rhythm abilities and risk for developmental speech-language problems and disorders: Epidemiological and polygenic associations

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Mosing,  Miriam A.       
Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Max Planck Society;
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet;
Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet;

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Ullén,  Fredrik       
Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Max Planck Society;
Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet;

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Citation

Nayak, S., Ladanyi, E., Eising, E., Mekki, Y., Nitin, R., Bush, C. T., et al. (2025). Musical rhythm abilities and risk for developmental speech-language problems and disorders: Epidemiological and polygenic associations. Nature Communications, 16: 8355. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60867-2.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0011-F972-4
Abstract
Impaired musical rhythm abilities and developmental speech-language related disorders are biologically and clinically intertwined. Prior work examining their relationship has primarily used small samples; here, we studied associations at population-scale by conducting the largest systematic epidemiological investigation to date (total N = 39,358). Based on existing theoretical frameworks, we predicted that rhythm impairment would be a significant risk factor for speech-language disorders in the general adult population. Findings were consistent across multiple independent datasets and rhythm subskills (including beat synchronization and rhythm discrimination), and aggregate meta-analyzed data showed that non-linguistic rhythm impairment is a modest but consistent risk factor for developmental speech, language, and reading disorders (OR = 1.33 [1.18 – 1.49]; p < .0001). Further, cross-trait polygenic score analyses (total N = 7180) indicated shared genetic architecture between musical rhythm and reading abilities, suggesting genetic pleiotropy between musicality and language-related phenotypes.