Pathways into ecstasy use: The role of prior cannabis use and ecstasy 
availability

Zimmermann, Petra; Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich; Waszak, Florian; Nocon, Agnes; Höfler, Michael; Lieb, Roselind

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.02.008

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Pathways into ecstasy use: The role of prior cannabis use and ecstasy availability

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Waszak, Florian
Department Psychology, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Zimmermann, P., Wittchen, H.-U., Waszak, F., Nocon, A., Höfler, M., & Lieb, R. (2005). Pathways into ecstasy use: The role of prior cannabis use and ecstasy availability. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 79(3), 331-341. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.02.008.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0010-CF79-9

Abstract

Aim: To explore the role of cannabis use for the availability of ecstasy as a potential pathway to subsequent first ecstasy use. Methods: Baseline and 4-year follow-up data from a prospective-longitudinal community study of originally 3021 adolescents and young adults aged 14–24 years at baseline were assessed using the standardized M-CIDI and DSM-IV criteria. Results: Baseline cannabis users reported at follow-up more frequent access to ecstasy than cannabis non-users. Higher cannabis use frequencies were associated with increased ecstasy availability reports. Logistic regression analyses revealed that cannabis use and availability of ecstasy at baseline are predictors for incident ecstasy use during the follow-up period. Testing simultaneously the impact of prior cannabis use and ecstasy availability including potential confounders, the association with cannabis use and later ecstasy use was confirmed (OR = 6.3; 95%CI = 3.6–10.9). However, the association with ecstasy availability was no longer significant (OR = 1.2; 95%CI = 0.3–3.9). Conclusions: Results suggest that cannabis use is a powerful risk factor for subsequent first onset of ecstasy use and this relation cannot be sufficiently explained by availability of ecstasy in the observation period.