Engel, Christoph Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Max Planck Society;
http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/105.00000037 (Any fulltext)
Engel, C., & Nagin, D. (2015). Who is Afraid of the Stick? Experimentally Testing the Deterrent Effect of Sanction Certainty. Review of Behavioral Economics, 2(4), 405-434.