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  Charged giant unilamellar vesicles prepared by electroformation exhibit nanotubes and transbilayer lipid asymmetry

Steinkühler, J., De Tillieux, P., Knorr, R. L., Lipowsky, R., & Dimova, R. (2018). Charged giant unilamellar vesicles prepared by electroformation exhibit nanotubes and transbilayer lipid asymmetry. Scientific Reports, 8(1): 11838. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30286-z.

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Steinkühler, Jan1, Author           
De Tillieux, Philippe2, Author
Knorr, Roland L.3, Author           
Lipowsky, Reinhard4, Author                 
Dimova, Rumiana1, Author                 
Affiliations:
1Rumiana Dimova, Theorie & Bio-Systeme, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Max Planck Society, ou_1863328              
2Theorie & Bio-Systeme, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Max Planck Society, Potsdam-Golm Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm, 14476 Potsdam, DE, ou_1863289              
3Roland Knorr, Theorie & Bio-Systeme, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Max Planck Society, ou_2288692              
4Reinhard Lipowsky, Theorie & Bio-Systeme, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Max Planck Society, ou_1863327              

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 Abstract: Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are increasingly used as a versatile research tool to investigate membrane structure, morphology and phase state. In these studies, GUV preparation is typically enhanced by an externally applied electric field, a process called electroformation. We find that upon osmotic deflation, GUVs electroformed from charged and neutral lipids exhibit inward pointing lipid nanotubes, suggesting negative spontaneous curvature of the membrane. By quenching a fluorescent analog of the charged lipid, zeta potential measurements and experiments with the lipid marker annexin A5, we show that electroformed GUVs exhibit an asymmetric lipid distribution across the bilayer leaflets. The asymmetry is lost either after storing electroformed GUVs at room temperature for one day or by applying higher voltages and temperatures during electroformation. GUVs having the same lipid composition but grown via gel-assisted swelling do not show asymmetric lipid distribution. We discuss possible mechanisms for the generation and relaxation of lipid asymmetry, as well as implications for studies using electroformed vesicles. The observed effects allow to control the molecular assembly of lipid bilayer leaflets. Vesicle tubulation as reported here is an example of protein-free reshaping of membranes and is caused by compositional lipid asymmetry between leaflets.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2018-08-072018
 Publication Status: Issued
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 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30286-z
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Title: Scientific Reports
  Abbreviation : Sci. Rep.
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: London, UK : Nature Publishing Group
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 8 (1) Sequence Number: 11838 Start / End Page: - Identifier: ISSN: 2045-2322