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[(To)-327.6(assess)-322.8(local)-326.6(change)-326.8(of)-324.1(CSF)-322.9(volume)-323.2(over)-325.5(time,)-324.8(longitudinal)]TJ
-1.1128 -1.1128 TD
[(VBM)-494.1(was)-492.3(applied)-490(within)-486.7(SPM12)-488.6(\(Wellcome)-493.2(Trust)-492(Centre)-493.8(for)]TJ
0 -1.1065 TD
[(Neuroimaging\).)-287.1(Diffeomorphic)-286.7(registration)-287(was)-283.6(applied)-281.3(for)-282(longi-)]TJ
0 -1.1128 TD
[(tudinal)-441(MRI,)-445.8(and)-437.2(resulting)-443.8(midpoint)-435.3(images)-440.6(were)-445.1(segmented,)]TJ
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 545.4424 223.9369 Tm
(20)Tj
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 313.0582 209.9905 Tm
[(Non-linear)-535(template)-537.4(generation)-531.5(and)-532.1(image)-528.4(normalization)-535.3(were)]TJ
T*
[(performed)-416.5(using)-413.8(a)-406.6(geodesic)-419.5(shooting)-410(procedure.)]TJ
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 493.0014 204.0377 Tm
(25)Tj
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 503.3762 200.0125 Tm
[(The)-411.8(template)]TJ
-21.226 -1.1065 TD
[(was)-264.7(afne)-256.5(registered)-263.4(to)-256(the)-257.9(standard)-261.7(brain)-259.5(template)-259.2(from)-259.7(Montreal)]TJ
0 -1.1128 TD
[(Neurological)-499.9(Institute)-498.4(for)-496.9(all)-502.2(subsequent)-493.2(modeling)-497(steps.)-502.5(Con-)]TJ
T*
[(secutively,)-309.4(normalized)-301.1(CSF)-303.9(tissue)-300.8(segments)-308(from)-297.6(all)-306.2(subjects)-302.2(and)]TJ
T*
[(time)-208(points)-208.6(were)-204.8(modulated)-208(by)-207.7(the)-201(Jacobian)-210.9(determinants)-210.5(encoding)]TJ
0 -1.1065 TD
[(individual)-285.5(volume)-278.9(changes)-283.2(over)-275(time.)-280.5(Morphometric)-282(images)-282.5(were)]TJ
0 -1.1128 TD
[(smoothed)-298.1(using)-299.9(Gaussian)-295.2(kernels)-300.1(of)-292.5(6)-163.9(m)0(m)-296.9(full)-299.5(width)-293.4(at)-296.3(half)-297.9(max-)]TJ
T*
[(imum.)-530.5(Subsequent)-534.9(modeling)-528.6(and)-525.8(analysis)-536.1(were)-527.3(performed)-530.3(for)]TJ
0 -1.1065 TD
[(smoothed,)-282.1(normalized)-282.1(CSF)-285(segments)-282.7(within)-278(specic)-285.8(brain)-278.5(areas.)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
0 -3.0666 TD
[(Statistical)-342.4(analysis)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
1.1128 -1.7451 TD
[(To)-321.3(statistically)-328.6(assess)-329.1(cross-sectional)-326.7(and)-323.4(longitudinal)-320.2(changes)]TJ
-1.1128 -1.1128 TD
[(of)-254.5(the)-245.2(CSF/ICV)-253.4(ratio,)-247.5(we)-251.3(used)-248.2(pairwise)-250(comparisons)-252.3(for)-250.3(each)-251.9(time)]TJ
T*
[(point)-321.7(and)-323.4(linear)-322.4(mixed)-323.7(effects)-317.7(models)-324.4(with)-319.2(a)-324.4(group)-316.3(indicator)-324.9(and)]TJ
ET
313.058 710.135 239.131 .22681 re
f
313.058 510.406 239.131 .22678 re
f
313.058 668.466 239.131 .22681 re
f
BT
/F8 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 321.1653 725.7825 Tm
(Table)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
3.0034 0 TD
(1.)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
1.2456 0 TD
[(Clinical)-336(Data)-333.6(of)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
8.2198 0 TD
(15)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
1.3341 0 TD
[(Patients)-333.4(with)-334.2(Subacute)]TJ
-8.3462 -1.1128 TD
[(Traumatic)-336.3(Spinal)-335.6(Cord)-335(Injury)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
-6.3609 -4.5525 TD
(ID)Tj
3.5472 1.1065 TD
(Age)Tj
-.6386 -1.1065 TD
(\(years\))Tj
5.3302 1.1065 TD
(Severity)Tj
-.1328 -1.1065 TD
[(of)-331.8(injury)]TJ
6.0384 1.1065 TD
[(AIS)-336.1(grade)]TJ
-.1707 -1.1065 TD
[(at)-331.8(baseline)]TJ
6.6011 2.2194 TD
[(Initial)-331.4(level)-335.3(of)]TJ
.5943 -1.1128 TD
(impairment)Tj
-.8852 -1.1065 TD
(\(motor/sensory\))Tj
/F4 1 Tf
-19.835 -2.0992 TD
[(1)-2876.4(1)0(9)-3388.1(Complete)-3728.8(A)-5162.3(C5/C4)]TJ
0 -1.1065 TD
[(2)-2876.4(2)0(3)-2774.8(Incomplete)-3778.7(B)-5163.7(C7/C6)]TJ
0 -1.1128 TD
[(3)-2876.4(7)0(0)-2774.8(Incomplete)-3778.7(B)-5163.7(T10/T10)]TJ
T*
[(4)-2876.4(7)0(5)-2774.8(Incomplete)-3728.1(D)-5162.3(T12/T12)]TJ
0 -1.1065 TD
[(5)-2876.4(4)0(4)-2774.8(Incomplete)-3728.1(D)-5162.3(T11/T11)]TJ
0 -1.1128 TD
[(6)-2876.4(4)0(2)-3388.1(Complete)-3728.8(A)-5162.3(C5/C5)]TJ
T*
[(7)-2876.4(7)0(1)-2774.8(Incomplete)-3778.7(B)-5163.7(C7/C8)]TJ
T*
[(8)-2876.4(2)0(0)-3388.1(Complete)-3728.8(A)-5162.3(C5/C5)]TJ
0 -1.1065 TD
[(9)-2876.4(3)0(0)-2774.8(Incomplete)-3778.7(B)-5163.7(C7/C8)]TJ
-.4489 -1.1128 TD
[(10)-2825.4(52)-2774.8(Incomplete)-3728.1(D)-5162.3(T9/T9)]TJ
T*
[(11)-2825.4(42)-2774.8(Incomplete)-3728.1(D)-5162.3(C5/C4)]TJ
T*
[(12)-2825.4(29)-3388.1(Complete)-3728.8(A)-5162.3(T11/T11)]TJ
0 -1.1065 TD
[(13)-2825.4(70)-3388.1(Complete)-3728.8(A)-5162.3(T7/T7)]TJ
0 -1.1128 TD
[(14)-2825.4(52)-2774.8(Incomplete)-3778.7(B)-5163.7(C6/C6)]TJ
T*
[(15)-2825.4(68)-2774.8(Incomplete)-3728.1(D)-5162.3(C4/C4)]TJ
/F3 1 Tf
-27.9978 25.9808 TD
(2942)Tj
48.8761 0 TD
[(SEIF)-333.8(ET)-338.7(AL.)]TJ
ET
endstream
endobj
36 0 obj
<>stream
/GS1 gs
BT
/F4 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 59.7543 725.7825 Tm
0 0 0 rg
0 Tc
0 Tw
[(group)-183.5(by)-188.7(time)-182.8(interaction)-185(to)-186.4(assess)-183.7(changes)-188.4(over)-186.4(time)-182.8(using)-186.1(STATA)]TJ
0 -1.1128 TD
[(14)-283.6(\(Stata)-283(Corp)-277.3(LP,)-284.9(College)-279.7(Station,)-278.1(TX\).)]TJ
1.1128 -1.1128 TD
[(To)-264.4(assess)-272.2(group)-265.7(differences)-270.2(in)-268.6(trajectories)-266.6(of)-267.2(local)-269.7(CSF)-266(volume)]TJ
-1.1128 -1.1065 TD
[(and)-456.2(ventricular)-461.8(enlargements,)-458.4(we)-453.7(followed)-455.1(a)-457.2(conservative)-458.3(two-)]TJ
0 -1.1128 TD
[(stage)-399.6(summary)-401.9(statistics)-396.7(approach)-398(commonly)-401.6(used)-393.7(in)-395.1(fMRI)-400.7(and)]TJ
T*
[(longitudinal)-187.4(image)-180.7(analysis.)-185(In)-185(a)-185.3(rst)-181.5(stage,)-181.2(we)-188.1(estimated)-184(individual)]TJ
0 -1.1065 TD
[(quadratic)-348.6(trajectory)-348.4(models)-343.3(y)-340.9(\(t\))]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
13.4741 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
.7208 0 TD
(b)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 191.9621 664.4974 Tm
(0)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 198.4251 666.0282 Tm
(+)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
.8979 0 TD
(b)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 211.4078 664.4974 Tm
(1)Tj
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 217.8141 666.0282 Tm
(t)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.626 0 TD
(+)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
.8979 0 TD
(b)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 236.4094 664.4974 Tm
(2)Tj
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 242.8724 666.0282 Tm
(t)Tj
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 245.3669 669.9967 Tm
(2)Tj
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 251.8298 666.0282 Tm
[(and)-342.4(obtained)]TJ
-21.422 -1.1128 TD
[(intercepts)-245.8(\()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
4.4829 0 TD
(b)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 104.8819 654.5195 Tm
(0)Tj
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 108.2267 656.0502 Tm
[(\),)-239(rate)-243.5(of)-235.6(change)-244.6(\()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
7.0627 0 TD
(b)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 176.485 654.5195 Tm
(1)Tj
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 179.8299 656.0502 Tm
[(\),)-239(quadratic)-241.1(effects)-241.9(\()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
8.0491 0 TD
(b)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 256.9322 654.5195 Tm
(2)Tj
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 260.3338 656.0502 Tm
[(\),)-239(and)-241.2(time)]TJ
-22.3705 -1.1128 TD
[(since)-349(injury)-342.8(\(t\))-349.2(for)-338.9(all)-350.4(subjects)-346.5(in)-344.5(the)-340.1(sample)-352.1(independently.)-344.7(In)-343.1(a)]TJ
T*
[(second)-243.4(stage,)-244.5(we)-245(used)-241.9(two-sample)-239.9(parametric)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
18.5198 0 TD
(t)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
.5185 0 TD
[(tests)-244.3(\(for)-246.1(all)-236.6(voxels)]TJ
-19.0383 -1.1065 TD
[(within)-379.2(each)-378.3(region)-379.2(of)-381(interest)-377.2([ROI]\),)-378.8(comparing)-377.3(the)-378(parameters)]TJ
0 -1.1128 TD
[(across)-215.5(clinical)-209.1(groups,)-206.1(while)-213.6(adjusting)-207.3(for)-206.1(age)-212(and)-209.6(sex)-204.5(as)-211.3(covariates)]TJ
T*
[(of)-317.8(no)-315.2(interest.)-316.9(Group)-313.3(differences)-320.8(of)-317.8(linear)-316(\(e.g.,)]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
19.7275 0 TD
(b)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 241.5684 604.7432 Tm
(1)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 247.748 606.2172 Tm
(<)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
.8662 0 TD
[(0)-315.7(indicating)]TJ
-21.833 -1.1128 TD
[(decline\))-260.6(and)-253.9(quadratic)-253.8(\(e.g.,)]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
11.4761 0 TD
(b)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 167.5842 594.7652 Tm
(2)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 173.2535 596.2392 Tm
(>)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
.803 0 TD
[(0)-252.4(indicating)-256.3(deceleration\))-263.3(effects)]TJ
-13.4615 -1.1065 TD
[(were)-261.7(assessed)-267.3(using)-262(random)-258.5(eld)-262.3(theory)-259(for)-263(correction)-262.2(of)-260.9(multiple)]TJ
0 -1.1128 TD
[(comparisons)-283.9(within)-284.3(each)-277.2(considered)-288.4(ROI.)]TJ
1.1128 -1.1128 TD
[(The)-196.8(associated)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
6.07 0 TD
(p)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
.6955 0 TD
[(values)-190.5(were)-198.5(corrected)-197.9(for)-193.4(multiple)-188.8(comparisons)]TJ
-7.8783 -1.1065 TD
[(using)-426.4(family-wise)-429.4(error)-425.1(correction,)-429.5(and)-424.6(cluster)-430.6(signicance)-423.1(was)]TJ
0 -1.1128 TD
[(tested)-276.7(\(after)-273(applying)-265.8(a)-273.8(cluster-formingthreshold)-274.4(of)-273.5(0.001\),)-265.2(using)]TJ
T*
[(Gaussian)-295.2(random)-290.2(eld)-293.9(theory.)-287.2(Regression)-291.9(models)-292.8(were)-293.3(applied)-287.7(to)]TJ
T*
[(determine)-377.4(associations)-377.4(between)-371.6(CSF)-373.5(volume)-367.4(and)-374(ventricular)-373.2(ex-)]TJ
0 -1.1065 TD
[(pansion)-370.9(and)-367.7(clinical)-373.5(outcomes)-363.8(over)-369.8(two)-372.6(years)-366.6(of)-368.4(follow-up.)-369.2(The)]TJ
0 -1.1128 TD
[(mean)-303.6(age)-306.9(difference)-301.2(between)-308.3(patients)-305(and)-298.1(controls)-307.5(was)-302.6(not)-299.7(found)]TJ
T*
[(to)-401.4(be)-406.1(statistically)-404.5(signicant)-403.8(\()]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
12.5952 0 TD
(p)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.6639 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
.7208 0 TD
[(0.071,)-402.2(MannWhitney)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.5919 0 TD
(U)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
1.1192 0 TD
(test\).)Tj
-24.691 -1.1128 TD
[(However,)-443.5(age)-433.3(was)-441.7(included)-432.6(as)-438.9(a)-438.2(covariate)-439.6(of)-437.9(no)-435.3(interest)-440.4(in)-433(all)]TJ
0 -1.1065 TD
[(statistical)-287.6(tests.)]TJ
1.1128 -1.1128 TD
[(For)-360.1(CSF)-354.5(volume,)-364(we)-358.8(applied)-357.2(the)-359.1(six-month)-358.7(effect)-361.3(size)-362.2(to)-357.1(cal-)]TJ
-1.1128 -1.1128 TD
[(culate)-385.4(estimates)-387.6(of)-381(the)-378(sample)-383.7(sizes)-381.8(necessary)-383.3(to)-382.4(detect)-385.4(a)-381.3(100%)]TJ
T*
[(treatment)-470(effect)-462.5(with)-464.6(80%)-462.2(statistical)-471(power)-461.1(and)-462.5(5%)-462.7(signicant)]TJ
0 -1.1065 TD
[(differences)-314.5(between)-308.3(healthy)-306.6(controls)-301.2(and)-310.8(patient)-304.3(group,)-306.6(by)-302.5(use)-305.6(of)]TJ
0 -1.1128 TD
[(the)-188.3(standard)-179.5(formula)-188.8(based)-180.6(on)-182.4(two-group)-185.2(trials,)-182.7(assuming)-185.5(a)-179(baseline)]TJ
T*
[(adjusted)-364.2(comparison)-359.1(of)-362(mean)-360.5(\(analysis)-367.5(of)-355.7(covariance\).)]TJ
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 261.6944 420.9448 Tm
(26)Tj
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 271.6724 416.9196 Tm
[(The)-361.2(re-)]TJ
-23.635 -1.1065 TD
[(quired)-372.8(Pearson)-370.5(correlation)-373.2(coefcient)-374.4(between)-371.6(baseline)-373(data)-373.6(and)]TJ
0 -1.1128 TD
[(six-month)-213.3(CSF)-215.4(volume)-209.4(was)-214.1(estimated)-215.6(using)-211.4(the)-207.3(available)-219.7(data.)-212.2(The)]TJ
T*
[(associations)-326.8(between)-321(MRI)-316.4(readouts)-318.6(\(i.e.,)-319.8(CSF/ICV)-322.9(ratio)-320.4(and)-317.1(ven-)]TJ
T*
[(tricle)-244.2(enlargements\))-248.9(and)-234.9(clinical)-247.1(outcomes)-243.6(were)-242.7(investigated)-240(using)]TJ
0 -1.1065 TD
[(regression)-283.4(model)-285.7(in)-274.9(SPM)-280.9(12)-283.6(and)-279.2(Stata)-280.9(13.)]TJ
/F3 1 Tf
0 -2.7441 TD
(Results)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
1.1128 -1.8336 TD
[(Th)20.1(e)-311.8(l)0(o)22.2(c)0(a)15.1(l)-307(WM)-298.8(an)17.5(d)-309.3(G)0(M)-300.2(c)0(h)23.9(a)0(n)17.5(g)0(e)17.5(s)-310.5(o)13.1(v)0(e)17.5(r)-305.6(tw)18.9(o)-309.3(y)0(e)17.5(a)0(r)21.2(s)-310.5(we)20.5(re)-301.2(es)16.3(ti)24.6(ma)14(te)19.8(d)]TJ
-1.1128 -1.2203 TD
[(pr)17.3(ev)17.5(io)22.2(us)18.8(ly)-420.4(fr)21.1(o)13.1(m)-433(th)22.2(es)16.3(e)-431.9(3)13.1(3)-429.5(p)13.1(ar)14.9(ti)18.2(ci)19.8(p)13.1(a)0(n)17.5(t)0(s)21.1(,)-432.9(an)23.9(d)-429.5(t)0(h)15.9(e)-425.6(re)14.9(su)25.1(lt)18.2(s)-430.7(h)13.1(av)17.5(e)-431.9(b)13.1(ee)15.1(n)]TJ
T*
[(pr)17.3(es)16.3(en)23.9(te)19.8(d)-309.3(b)13.1(ef)14.9(o)13.1(r)0(e)14.9(.)]TJ
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 120.8692 308.1826 Tm
(7)Tj
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 126.9354 304.2141 Tm
.298 Tc
[(T)298(h)311.8(e)-7.4(m)298(e)318.3(a)298(ns)298(c)320.7(a)298(ni)298(n)320.2(t)298(e)311.5(r)298(v)321.7(a)298(l)317.8(s)-12.5(b)311.1(e)298(t)317.8(w)298(e)312.2(e)298(n)5.7(t)298(i)316.2(m)298(eo)298(fi)298(n)320.3(j)298(u)313.9(r)298(y)]TJ
-7.4926 -1.2266 TD
0 Tc
[(an)17.5(d)-480.1(i)15.4(ma)14(g)13.1(i)0(n)15.9(g)-473.7(ba)17.5(se)22.7(li)18.2(ne)17.5(,)-477.1(t)0(w)18.9(o)13.1(,)-477.1(s)0(i)14.7(x)13.1(,)-477.1(1)13.1(2,)-470.3(an)17.5(d)-473.7(2)0(4)-466.9(m)0(o)22.7(n)0(t)15.9(h)13.1(s)-481.2(w)0(e)20.5(r)0(e)-465.6(4)0(9)20(.)0(6)16.5(7)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(\(s)16.2(ta)19.8(nd)19.9(ar)21.2(d)-201.8(e)0(r)21.2(r)0(o)17.3(r)-204.4(o)13.1(f)-198.1(th)15.9(e)-197.9(m)0(e)14(a)0(n)-191.1([)0(S)25.1(E)0(])-191.1(5)0(.)16.5(9)13.1(1\))17.3(,)-198.9(1)0(0)19.9(3)0(.)16.5(5)-195.5(\(S)18.8(E)-201.7(1)0(2)19.9(.)0(4)22.9(0)0(\))17.3(,)-198.9(22)19.9(0.)16.5(3)13.1(6)-201.8(\(S)18.8(E)]TJ
T*
[(18)19.9(.6)16.5(9)13.1(\))0(,)-188.4(3)0(8)19.9(9)0(.)16.5(9)13.1(3)-195.5(\()0(S)18.8(E)-201.7(2)13.1(9)13.1(.)0(6)16.5(0)13.1(\),)-188.4(an)17.5(d)-195.5(8)0(8)19.9(1)0(.)16.5(1)13.1(4)-195.5(\()0(S)18.8(E)-201.7(4)13.1(3)0(.)16.5(0)13.1(7\))-185(da)17.5(ys)18.8(,)-198.9(r)0(e)21.2(s)0(p)18.8(e)0(c)21.4(t)0(i)18.2(v)0(e)17.5(l)0(y)22.2(.)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
0 -2.7694 TD
[(Global)-339.1(CSF)-335.2(volume)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
1.1128 -1.8336 TD
-.0156 Tc
[(In)-173.2(this)-174.4(st)-15.6(u)13(dy,)-170.3(at)-177.2(ba)-15.6(s)13.4(e)-15.6(l)10.6(i)-.2(ne,)-170.3(C)-15.6(S)13.7(F)-1(/I)-15.6(C)9.7(V)-170.2(r)-15.6(a)12(tio)-173.2(wa)-15.6(s)-163.7(s)2.7(ignica)-15.6(n)14.6(tly)-173.2(inc)-15.6(r)12(ea)-15.6(s)13.4(e)-15.6(d)]TJ
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