%PDF-1.6
%
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
Pieter M. Goltstein, Sandra Reinert, Annet Glas, Tobias Bonhoeffer, Mark Hübener
Food and water restriction lead to differential learning behaviors in a head-fixed two-choice visual discrimination task for mice
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 10 0 R/Annots 11 0 R/Contents 12 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
11 0 obj
[13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R]
endobj
13 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref006)>>
endobj
14 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref007)>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref008)>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref009)>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref009)>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref006)>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref010)>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref009)>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref011)>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref012)>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref014)>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref010)>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref015)>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref009)>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref016)>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref009)>>
endobj
29 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref017)>>
endobj
30 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref011)>>
endobj
31 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref018)>>
endobj
32 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref019)>>
endobj
33 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref020)>>
endobj
34 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref018)>>
endobj
35 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref021)>>
endobj
36 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref022)>>
endobj
37 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref023)>>
endobj
38 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0204066.ref024)>>
endobj
39 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 40 0 R>>
endobj
40 0 obj
<>
endobj
12 0 obj
[41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R]
endobj
41 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
488.6362 680.315 m
493.3984 680.315 l
h
f*
540.737 680.315 m
545.4992 680.315 l
h
f*
221.8961 667.3323 m
226.6583 667.3323 l
h
f*
272.7496 667.3323 m
277.5118 667.3323 l
h
f*
263.5654 641.3102 m
268.2709 641.3102 l
h
f*
330.0094 641.3102 m
334.7717 641.3102 l
h
f*
389.7638 641.3102 m
399.2315 641.3102 l
h
f*
286.3559 563.3008 m
291.1181 563.3008 l
h
f*
491.1307 563.3008 m
500.5984 563.3008 l
h
f*
328.3087 524.2961 m
337.8331 524.2961 l
h
f*
342.9921 524.2961 m
352.5165 524.2961 l
h
f*
203.4142 511.3134 m
212.9386 511.3134 l
h
f*
215.1496 511.3134 m
224.674 511.3134 l
h
f*
530.3055 511.3134 m
535.0677 511.3134 l
h
f*
537.3354 511.3134 m
546.8031 511.3134 l
h
f*
515.0551 433.3039 m
519.8173 433.3039 l
h
f*
329.1024 420.3213 m
338.6268 420.3213 l
h
f*
393.5622 407.3386 m
403.0866 407.3386 l
h
f*
203.4142 394.2992 m
212.9386 394.2992 l
h
f*
263.452 355.3512 m
272.9764 355.3512 l
h
f*
275.1874 355.3512 m
284.7118 355.3512 l
h
f*
520.3276 355.3512 m
529.852 355.3512 l
h
f*
532.063 355.3512 m
541.5874 355.3512 l
h
f*
543.8551 355.3512 m
553.3795 355.3512 l
h
f*
321.4488 316.3465 m
330.9165 316.3465 l
h
f*
248.0315 251.3197 m
257.5559 251.3197 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 211.9748 707.4141 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Head-fixed)Tj
4.6998 0 Td
(operant)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(conditioning)Tj
5.3971 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(now)Tj
1.9616 0 Td
(commonly)Tj
4.5467 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(train)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(mice)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(diverse)Tj
3.0501 0 Td
(sensory)Tj
-33.4259 -1.3039 Td
(detection-)Tj
4.2859 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(discrimination)Tj
6.1285 0 Td
(tasks,)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(well)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(virtual)Tj
2.8176 0 Td
(navigation)Tj
4.4447 0 Td
(experiments.)Tj
5.3631 0 Td
(Such)Tj
2.177 0 Td
(tasks)Tj
-34.2309 -1.2982 Td
(can)Tj
1.627 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(performed)Tj
4.4673 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(various)Tj
3.1464 0 Td
(operant-stimulus)Tj
7.0753 0 Td
(modalities,)Tj
4.5977 0 Td
(e.g.)Tj
1.5591 0 Td
(visual)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(6)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(auditory)Tj
3.6056 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(7)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(olfac-)Tj
-35.3307 -1.2983 Td
(tory)Tj
1.8481 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(8)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(tactile)Tj
2.6078 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(most)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(widely)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(paradigm)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(Go/No-Go)Tj
4.5864 0 Td
(task,)Tj
2.0353 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6476 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(ani-)Tj
-35.5575 -1.2983 Td
(mal)Tj
1.7177 0 Td
(makes)Tj
2.7553 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(choice)Tj
2.795 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(either)Tj
2.5341 0 Td
(performing)Tj
4.7962 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(withholding)Tj
5.0853 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(certain)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(behavior,)Tj
3.9344 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(lick)Tj
-36.1301 -1.3039 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(lick)Tj
1.6554 0 Td
(spout)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(lever)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(press)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(6)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(running)Tj
3.498 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(10)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(An)Tj
1.4514 0 Td
(important)Tj
4.2802 0 Td
(factor)Tj
2.5455 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(behavioral)Tj
4.3937 0 Td
(train-)Tj
-34.4123 -1.2982 Td
(ing,)Tj
1.7234 0 Td
(especially)Tj
4.0195 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(parallel)Tj
3.1407 0 Td
(neuronal)Tj
3.8268 0 Td
(recordings,)Tj
4.7111 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8448 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(ability)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(differentiate)Tj
5.0796 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(the)Tj
-34.0608 -1.2983 Td
(actual)Tj
2.5851 0 Td
(choice)Tj
2.7893 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(mouse)Tj
2.8629 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(mere)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(level)Tj
2.0182 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(motivation)Tj
4.6204 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(participate)Tj
4.4674 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(task.)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(Go/No-Go)Tj
-32.2297 -1.3039 Td
(task)Tj
1.8084 0 Td
(designs)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(lack)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(ability)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(precisely)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
(differentiate)Tj
5.0797 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(active)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(No-Go)Tj
3.0388 0 Td
(\(active)Tj
2.8629 0 Td
(with-)Tj
-33.9304 -1.2983 Td
(holding\))Tj
3.6509 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(passive)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(No-Go,)Tj
3.2599 0 Td
(reflecting)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(loss)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(motivation.)Tj
4.8472 0 Td
(Two-choice)Tj
4.9493 0 Td
(designs)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(therefore)Tj
-33.4315 -1.2983 Td
(often)Tj
2.2846 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(appropriate)Tj
4.8756 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(better)Tj
2.5398 0 Td
(allow)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(discriminating)Tj
6.0831 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(active)Tj
2.5228 0 Td
(choices)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(mouse,)Tj
-34.2819 -1.3039 Td
(e.g.)Tj
1.559 0 Td
(licks)Tj
2.0126 0 Td
(left)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(right)Tj
2.1487 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(steering)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(wheel)Tj
2.5228 0 Td
(movements)Tj
4.8756 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(left)Tj
1.4796 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(right)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(11)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(its)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(task)Tj
-33.7207 -1.2982 Td
(engagement)Tj
5.0683 0 Td
(\(finished)Tj
3.77 0 Td
(versus)Tj
2.7212 0 Td
(missed)Tj
2.9764 0 Td
(trials\).)Tj
2.7666 0 Td
(Head-fixed)Tj
4.6941 0 Td
(paradigms)Tj
4.4164 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(vary)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(dimension-)Tj
-32.6208 -1.2983 Td
(ality)Tj
1.9218 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(body)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(movement)Tj
4.5184 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(permitted)Tj
4.1669 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(measured.)Tj
4.337 0 Td
(While)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(some)Tj
2.3301 0 Td
(virtual)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(reality)Tj
2.7156 0 Td
(approaches)Tj
-33.0404 -1.3039 Td
(allow)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(degrees)Tj
3.2144 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(freedom)Tj
3.583 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(12)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(14)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.788 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(common)Tj
3.8495 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(restrict)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(running)Tj
3.498 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(dimension)Tj
-31.7931 -1.2983 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(10)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(15)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
3.0273 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(restrict)Tj
3.033 0 Td
(body)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(movement)Tj
4.5127 0 Td
(entirely)Tj
3.2542 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(placing)Tj
3.1237 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(animal)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(narrow)Tj
3.1351 0 Td
(tube)Tj
1.9786 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(16)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-32.6889 -1.2982 Td
(Beyond)Tj
3.2598 0 Td
(these,)Tj
2.4774 0 Td
(many)Tj
2.4775 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(detailed)Tj
3.3675 0 Td
(parameters,)Tj
4.9039 0 Td
(e.g.)Tj
1.5591 0 Td
(setup)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(design,)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(training)Tj
3.4185 0 Td
(protocol,)Tj
3.8211 0 Td
(trial)Tj
-33.012 -1.2983 Td
(sequence)Tj
3.855 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(stimulus)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(presentation)Tj
5.2158 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.627 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(adjusted)Tj
3.5773 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(suit)Tj
1.6725 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(specific)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(experimental)Tj
5.4595 0 Td
(need.)Tj
-32.4111 -1.3039 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(effect)Tj
2.364 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(parameter)Tj
4.3143 0 Td
(choices)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(outcome)Tj
3.7304 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(behavioral)Tj
4.3937 0 Td
(experiment)Tj
4.7792 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(often)Tj
-34.0438 -1.2983 Td
(not)Tj
1.5703 0 Td
(systematically)Tj
5.743 0 Td
(explored)Tj
3.702 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(only)Tj
1.9786 0 Td
(occasionally)Tj
5.074 0 Td
(reported)Tj
3.6566 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(literature.)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(One)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(parame-)Tj
-34.0665 -1.2983 Td
(ter)Tj
1.3095 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(choice)Tj
2.7949 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(\(naturalistic\))Tj
5.3745 0 Td
(motivational)Tj
5.3007 0 Td
(incentive.)Tj
4.1045 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9843 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(appetitive)Tj
4.1216 0 Td
(\(e.g.)Tj
1.8992 0 Td
(reward\))Tj
3.3732 0 Td
(or)Tj
-36.3739 -1.3039 Td
(aversive)Tj
3.4072 0 Td
(\(e.g.)Tj
1.8992 0 Td
(fear\))Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(commonly)Tj
4.5468 0 Td
(administered)Tj
5.4935 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(delivery)Tj
3.3902 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(food)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(water)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.3777 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0941 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(deliv-)Tj
-34.8205 -1.2982 Td
(ery)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(mild)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(shocks,)Tj
3.1237 0 Td
(respectively)Tj
4.8813 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(Animal)Tj
3.2201 0 Td
(behavior)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(motivated)Tj
4.2519 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(targeted,)Tj
-32.7626 -1.2983 Td
(optogenetic)Tj
4.8982 0 Td
(activation)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(dopaminergic)Tj
5.7939 0 Td
(circuits)Tj
3.1578 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(11)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8539 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(circuits)Tj
3.1578 0 Td
(driving)Tj
3.1237 0 Td
(hunger)Tj
3.0841 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(thirst)Tj
-33.613 -1.3039 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(18)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0692 0 Td
(Still,)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(head-fixed)Tj
4.4504 0 Td
(learning)Tj
3.5206 0 Td
(paradigms)Tj
4.4107 0 Td
(mostly)Tj
2.9026 0 Td
(use)Tj
1.5307 0 Td
(food)Tj
2.041 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7234 0 Td
(water)Tj
2.4265 0 Td
(restriction,)Tj
4.5807 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(part)Tj
1.8369 0 Td
(because)Tj
-34.4974 -1.2983 Td
(it)Tj
0.7824 0 Td
(does)Tj
2.0408 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5761 0 Td
(require)Tj
3.1067 0 Td
(additional)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(optical)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(equipment.)Tj
4.7792 0 Td
(While)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(food)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(water)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(restriction)Tj
4.354 0 Td
(regimens)Tj
-32.6945 -1.2983 Td
(are)Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(sometimes)Tj
4.5014 0 Td
(perceived)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(interchangeable,)Tj
6.7861 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(methods)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(engage)Tj
2.9821 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(animal's)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(physiol-)Tj
-33.4429 -1.2982 Td
(ogy)Tj
1.644 0 Td
(differently)Tj
4.3597 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(19)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(20)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
3.2541 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(hunger)Tj
3.084 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(thirst)Tj
2.347 0 Td
(recruit)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(neuronal)Tj
3.8267 0 Td
(circuits)Tj
3.1635 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(18)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(21)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(22)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-31.6911 -1.3039 Td
(Therefore,)Tj
4.3823 0 Td
(similar)Tj
2.9763 0 Td
(levels)Tj
2.3641 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(food)Tj
2.041 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7178 0 Td
(water)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(restriction,)Tj
4.5751 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(usually)Tj
3.0047 0 Td
(measured)Tj
4.0989 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4626 0 Td
(animal's)Tj
3.532 0 Td
(rela-)Tj
-35.7673 -1.2983 Td
(tive)Tj
1.661 0 Td
(reduction)Tj
4.1159 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(body)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(weight,)Tj
3.1067 0 Td
(might)Tj
2.6022 0 Td
(affect)Tj
2.3754 0 Td
(task)Tj
1.8085 0 Td
(performance,)Tj
5.5729 0 Td
(task)Tj
1.8085 0 Td
(motivation)Tj
4.6204 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7632 0 Td
(animal)Tj
-34.4237 -1.2983 Td
(welfare)Tj
3.0897 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(manner)Tj
3.3675 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(23)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-10.6071 -1.3039 Td
(This)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(provides)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(detailed)Tj
3.3676 0 Td
(description)Tj
4.7281 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(setup)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(design)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(procedures)Tj
4.6771 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(efficiently)Tj
-33.0517 -1.2982 Td
(train)Tj
2.1372 0 Td
(mice)Tj
2.1544 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(either)Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(food)Tj
2.0522 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(water)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(restriction)Tj
4.3597 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(appetitive)Tj
4.1216 0 Td
(operant)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(visual)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(discrimination)Tj
-31.5777 -1.2983 Td
(task.)Tj
2.0352 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(explicitly)Tj
3.8267 0 Td
(monitor)Tj
3.5376 0 Td
(animal)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(welfare)Tj
3.0898 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(measurements)Tj
6.0321 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(body)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(weight)Tj
2.8856 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(stan-)Tj
-33.9928 -1.3039 Td
(dardized)Tj
3.7133 0 Td
(scoring)Tj
3.1634 0 Td
(routine,)Tj
3.3846 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(well)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(continuously)Tj
5.4425 0 Td
(recorded)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(physical)Tj
3.4526 0 Td
(activity)Tj
3.1181 0 Td
(patterns)Tj
3.4696 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.5915 -1.2983 Td
(home)Tj
2.4944 0 Td
(cage)Tj
1.9672 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(24)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(demonstrate)Tj
5.2327 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(sensitivity)Tj
4.2179 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(reliability)Tj
4.0025 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(our)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(conditioning)Tj
5.3971 0 Td
(method)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(by)Tj
-36.1641 -1.2983 Td
(addressing)Tj
4.507 0 Td
(how)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(choice)Tj
2.7893 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(food)Tj
2.0522 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(water)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(restriction)Tj
4.3597 0 Td
(affects)Tj
2.7325 0 Td
(performance)Tj
5.3518 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(head-fixed)Tj
-31.1468 -1.3039 Td
(operant)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(conditioning.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 195.9874 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Methods)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
0 -1.4976 Td
(Animals)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 161.0078 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(All)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(procedures)Tj
4.6771 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(performed)Tj
4.4674 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(accordance)Tj
4.7338 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(institutional)Tj
5.091 0 Td
(guidelines)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Max)Tj
-33.749 -1.2982 Td
(Planck)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(Society)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(local)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(government)Tj
5.0854 0 Td
(\(protocol)Tj
3.9344 0 Td
(number)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(55.2-1-54-2531-213-2015,)Tj
-23.7088 -1.3039 Td
(approved)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Beratende)Tj
4.252 0 Td
(Ethikkommission)Tj
7.3303 0 Td
(nach)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
()Tj
0.6974 0 Td
(15)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(Tierschutzgesetz,)Tj
7.0526 0 Td
(Regierung)Tj
4.3313 0 Td
(von)Tj
-33.613 -1.2983 Td
(Oberbayern\).)Tj
5.5728 0 Td
(Twelve)Tj
3.0614 0 Td
(male)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(C57BL/6J)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(mice)Tj
2.1487 0 Td
(\(postnatal)Tj
4.2066 0 Td
(day)Tj
1.6327 0 Td
(34\))Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(individually)Tj
4.989 0 Td
(housed)Tj
3.0897 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(stan-)Tj
-35.6029 -1.2983 Td
(dard)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(individually)Tj
4.9889 0 Td
(ventilated)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(cages)Tj
2.33 0 Td
(\(IVC;)Tj
2.4832 0 Td
(Tecniplast)Tj
4.3483 0 Td
(GM500\))Tj
3.5943 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(placed)Tj
2.7893 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(Digital)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(Ventilated)Tj
-33.1141 -1.3039 Td
(Rack)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(\(DVC,)Tj
2.8799 0 Td
(Tecniplast\).)Tj
4.9153 0 Td
(Each)Tj
2.177 0 Td
(cage)Tj
1.9615 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(equipped)Tj
3.9345 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(dedicated)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(electronic)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(board)Tj
2.5682 0 Td
(\(DVC)Tj
-33.2048 -1.2982 Td
(board\))Tj
2.9083 0 Td
(composed)Tj
4.3029 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(12)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(electromagnetic)Tj
6.5933 0 Td
(field)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(generating)Tj
4.4617 0 Td
(electrodes)Tj
4.2293 0 Td
(evenly)Tj
2.7666 0 Td
(positioned)Tj
4.4447 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(4)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(by)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 369.4677 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Procedures)Tj
5.2441 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3677 0 Td
(head-fixed)Tj
4.8048 0 Td
(two-choice)Tj
4.9181 0 Td
(visual)Tj
2.7213 0 Td
(learning)Tj
3.6992 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.978 0 Td
(mice)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.02040)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(66)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(September)Tj
5.0386 0 Td
(13,)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(2018)Tj
32.2798 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
42 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
43 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
44 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
45 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
46 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
47 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
48 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
49 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
50 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
51 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
52 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
53 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
54 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
55 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
56 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
57 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
58 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
59 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
60 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
61 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(19)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
62 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 10 0 R/Annots 67 0 R/Contents 68 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
66 0 obj
<>stream
xIvך-$juA5 )ʟszG\+)p
o
E';F"1Q%@,>-{_|ع} @ @ @ p-}}=|~k @ @ _}o> @ 8~?CiH_l@ |~wZR߯C @ />gG|X* @ χWb|B @ '!yJtu< @ @ i#!]
A @ "_(_bJ @ 2W%oftM"ʅ @ @ /
ۯEB @ >y_ A@ @Ϧ?Co^~XBXC @ |~}Ij @ u;+7@M @ K[0N* @ @#-ПȞ4|u! @ @$'7s @ #?=u! @ @ 'I%>P駟>jH
@ uMvу5 @ _ׯ__҅:7( @ @D}u( @ =ͷ艑2 @ 0WM<믿F @ @ =cx @ |u.}_嗯=C @ ?joC>C @ |y3A,G @ Oȧ1 @ ?ӇCIC75^Bϯ> ]L! @ @ >dW_}ɔB" @ @';߿D?q{9% @ -THA@ףּ @ |j~s.C)@ @ F`{a/<|p(*R>&B @ *? w:ד?dRQrΝU
(~ @ @ ٽ3(~k@ @ x
vQχD@?K@ @ !}}^NG?y]w[!BC @ |(;?< @ +$0LJo]