date: 2019-03-05T09:43:05Z
pdf:PDFVersion: 1.5
pdf:docinfo:title: Antitumor Anthraquinones from an Easter Island Sea Anemone: Animal or Bacterial Origin?
xmp:CreatorTool: LaTeX with hyperref package
access_permission:can_print_degraded: true
subject: The presence of two known anthraquinones, Lupinacidin A and Galvaquinone B, which have antitumor activity, has been identified in the sea anemone (Gyractis sesere) from Easter Island. So far, these anthraquinones have been characterized from terrestrial and marine Actinobacteria only. In order to identify the anthraquinones producer, we isolated Actinobacteria associated with the sea anemone and obtained representatives of seven actinobacterial genera. Studies of cultures of these bacteria by HPLC, NMR, and HRLCMS analyses showed that the producer of Lupinacidin A and Galvaquinone B indeed was one of the isolated Actinobacteria. The producer strain, SN26_14.1, was identified as a representative of the genus Verrucosispora. Genome analysis supported the biosynthetic potential to the production of these compounds by this strain. This study adds Verrucosispora as a new genus to the anthraquinone producers, in addition to well-known species of Streptomyces and Micromonospora. By a cultivation-based approach, the responsibility of symbionts of a marine invertebrate for the production of complex natural products found within the animal?s extracts could be demonstrated. This finding re-opens the debate about the producers of secondary metabolites in sea animals. Finally, it provides valuable information about the chemistry of bacteria harbored in the geographically-isolated and almost unstudied, Easter Island.
dc:format: application/pdf; version=1.5
pdf:docinfo:creator_tool: LaTeX with hyperref package
access_permission:fill_in_form: true
pdf:encrypted: false
dc:title: Antitumor Anthraquinones from an Easter Island Sea Anemone: Animal or Bacterial Origin?
modified: 2019-03-05T09:43:05Z
cp:subject: The presence of two known anthraquinones, Lupinacidin A and Galvaquinone B, which have antitumor activity, has been identified in the sea anemone (Gyractis sesere) from Easter Island. So far, these anthraquinones have been characterized from terrestrial and marine Actinobacteria only. In order to identify the anthraquinones producer, we isolated Actinobacteria associated with the sea anemone and obtained representatives of seven actinobacterial genera. Studies of cultures of these bacteria by HPLC, NMR, and HRLCMS analyses showed that the producer of Lupinacidin A and Galvaquinone B indeed was one of the isolated Actinobacteria. The producer strain, SN26_14.1, was identified as a representative of the genus Verrucosispora. Genome analysis supported the biosynthetic potential to the production of these compounds by this strain. This study adds Verrucosispora as a new genus to the anthraquinone producers, in addition to well-known species of Streptomyces and Micromonospora. By a cultivation-based approach, the responsibility of symbionts of a marine invertebrate for the production of complex natural products found within the animal?s extracts could be demonstrated. This finding re-opens the debate about the producers of secondary metabolites in sea animals. Finally, it provides valuable information about the chemistry of bacteria harbored in the geographically-isolated and almost unstudied, Easter Island.
pdf:docinfo:subject: The presence of two known anthraquinones, Lupinacidin A and Galvaquinone B, which have antitumor activity, has been identified in the sea anemone (Gyractis sesere) from Easter Island. So far, these anthraquinones have been characterized from terrestrial and marine Actinobacteria only. In order to identify the anthraquinones producer, we isolated Actinobacteria associated with the sea anemone and obtained representatives of seven actinobacterial genera. Studies of cultures of these bacteria by HPLC, NMR, and HRLCMS analyses showed that the producer of Lupinacidin A and Galvaquinone B indeed was one of the isolated Actinobacteria. The producer strain, SN26_14.1, was identified as a representative of the genus Verrucosispora. Genome analysis supported the biosynthetic potential to the production of these compounds by this strain. This study adds Verrucosispora as a new genus to the anthraquinone producers, in addition to well-known species of Streptomyces and Micromonospora. By a cultivation-based approach, the responsibility of symbionts of a marine invertebrate for the production of complex natural products found within the animal?s extracts could be demonstrated. This finding re-opens the debate about the producers of secondary metabolites in sea animals. Finally, it provides valuable information about the chemistry of bacteria harbored in the geographically-isolated and almost unstudied, Easter Island.
pdf:docinfo:creator: Ignacio Sottorff, Sven Künzel, Jutta Wiese, Matthias Lipfert, Nils Preußke, Frank D. Sönnichsen and Johannes F. Imhoff
PTEX.Fullbanner: This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.18 (TeX Live 2017/W32TeX) kpathsea version 6.2.3
meta:author: Ignacio Sottorff, Sven Künzel, Jutta Wiese, Matthias Lipfert, Nils Preußke, Frank D. Sönnichsen and Johannes F. Imhoff
trapped: False
meta:creation-date: 2019-03-05T09:43:05Z
created: 2019-03-05T09:43:05Z
access_permission:extract_for_accessibility: true
Creation-Date: 2019-03-05T09:43:05Z
Author: Ignacio Sottorff, Sven Künzel, Jutta Wiese, Matthias Lipfert, Nils Preußke, Frank D. Sönnichsen and Johannes F. Imhoff
producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18
pdf:docinfo:producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18
pdf:unmappedUnicodeCharsPerPage: 17
Keywords: Easter Island; Actinobacteria; anthraquinones; symbionts; sea anemone; marine invertebrates; spectroscopy; chromatography
access_permission:modify_annotations: true
dc:creator: Ignacio Sottorff, Sven Künzel, Jutta Wiese, Matthias Lipfert, Nils Preußke, Frank D. Sönnichsen and Johannes F. Imhoff
dcterms:created: 2019-03-05T09:43:05Z
Last-Modified: 2019-03-05T09:43:05Z
dcterms:modified: 2019-03-05T09:43:05Z
title: Antitumor Anthraquinones from an Easter Island Sea Anemone: Animal or Bacterial Origin?
Last-Save-Date: 2019-03-05T09:43:05Z
pdf:docinfo:keywords: Easter Island; Actinobacteria; anthraquinones; symbionts; sea anemone; marine invertebrates; spectroscopy; chromatography
pdf:docinfo:modified: 2019-03-05T09:43:05Z
meta:save-date: 2019-03-05T09:43:05Z
pdf:docinfo:custom:PTEX.Fullbanner: This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.18 (TeX Live 2017/W32TeX) kpathsea version 6.2.3
Content-Type: application/pdf
X-Parsed-By: org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser
creator: Ignacio Sottorff, Sven Künzel, Jutta Wiese, Matthias Lipfert, Nils Preußke, Frank D. Sönnichsen and Johannes F. Imhoff
dc:subject: Easter Island; Actinobacteria; anthraquinones; symbionts; sea anemone; marine invertebrates; spectroscopy; chromatography
access_permission:assemble_document: true
xmpTPg:NPages: 15
pdf:charsPerPage: 3117
access_permission:extract_content: true
access_permission:can_print: true
pdf:docinfo:trapped: False
meta:keyword: Easter Island; Actinobacteria; anthraquinones; symbionts; sea anemone; marine invertebrates; spectroscopy; chromatography
access_permission:can_modify: true
pdf:docinfo:created: 2019-03-05T09:43:05Z