Insights from the genome of the biotrophic fungal plant pathogen Ustilago 
maydis.

Kaemper, Joerg; Kahmann, Regine; Boelker, Michael; Ma, Li-Jun; Brefort, Thomas; Saville, Barry J.; Banuett, Flora; Kronstad, James W.; Gold, Scott E.; Perlin, Michael H.; Woesten, Han A. B.; de Vries, Ronald; Ruiz-Herrera, José; Reynaga-Pena, Cristina G.; Snetselaar, Karen; McCann, Michael; Pérez-Martín, José; Feldbruegge, Michael; Basse, Christoph. W.; Steinberg, Gero; Ibeas, Jose I.; Holloman, William; Guzman, Plinio; Farman, Mark; Stajich, Jason E.; Sentandreu, Rafael; González-Prieto, Juan M.; Kennell, John C.; Molina, Lazaro; Schirawski, Jan; Mendoza-Mendoza, Artemio; Greilinger, Doris; Muench, Karin; Roessel, Nicole; Scherer, Mario; Vranes, Miroslav; Ladendorf, Oliver; Vincon, Volker; Fuchs, Uta; Sandrock, Bjoern; Meng, Shaowu; Ho, Eric C. H.; Cahill, Matt J.; Boyce, Kylie J.; Klose, Jana; Klosterman, Steven J.; Deelstra, Heine J.; Ortiz-Castellanos, Lucila; Li, Weixi; Sanchez-Alonso, Patricia; Schreier, Peter H.; Haeuser-Hahn, Isolde; Vaupel, Martin; Koopmann, Edda; Friedrich, Gabi; Voss, Hartmut; Schlueter, Thomas; Margolis, Jonathan; Platt, Darren; Swimmer, Candace; Gnirke, Andreas; Chen, Feng; Vysotskaia, Valentina; Mannhaupt, Gertrud; Gueldener, Ulrich; Muensterkoetter, Martin; Haase, Dirk; Oesterheld, Matthias; Mewes, Hans-Werner; Mauceli, Evan W.; DeCaprio, David; Wade, Claier M.; Butler, Jonathan; Young, Sarah; Jaffe, David B.; Calvo, Sarah; Nusbaum, Chad; Galagan, James; Birren, Bruce W.

doi:10.1038/nature05248

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Insights from the genome of the biotrophic fungal plant pathogen Ustilago maydis.

MPG-Autoren

/persons/resource/persons254411

Kaemper, Joerg
Department of Organismic Interactions, Alumni, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons254413

Kahmann, Regine
Emeriti Molecular Phytopathology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons254164

Brefort, Thomas
Department of Biogeochemistry, Alumni, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons254260

Feldbruegge, Michael
Department of Organismic Interactions, Alumni, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons254124

Basse, Christoph. W.
Department of Organismic Interactions, Alumni, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons254732

Steinberg, Gero
Department of Organismic Interactions, Alumni, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons254547

Molina, Lazaro
Department of Organismic Interactions, Alumni, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons254678

Schirawski, Jan
Department of Organismic Interactions, Alumni, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons254529

Mendoza-Mendoza, Artemio
Department of Organismic Interactions, Alumni, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons254312

Greilinger, Doris
Department of Organismic Interactions, Alumni, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons254555

Muench, Karin
Department of Organismic Interactions, Alumni, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons254650

Roessel, Nicole
Department of Organismic Interactions, Alumni, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons254671

Scherer, Mario
Department of Biochemistry, Alumni, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons254810

Vranes, Miroslav
Department of Organismic Interactions, Alumni, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons254473

Ladendorf, Oliver
Department of Organismic Interactions, Alumni, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons254795

Vincon, Volker
Department of Organismic Interactions, Alumni, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons254281

Fuchs, Uta
Department of Organismic Interactions, Alumni, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons254520

Mannhaupt, Gertrud
Department of Organismic Interactions, Alumni, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Max Planck Society;

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Zitation

Kaemper, J., Kahmann, R., Boelker, M., Ma, L.-J., Brefort, T., Saville, B. J., et al. (2006). Insights from the genome of the biotrophic fungal plant pathogen Ustilago maydis. Nature, 444, 97-101. doi:10.1038/nature05248.

Zitierlink: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0007-C727-D

Zusammenfassung

Ustilago maydis is a ubiquitous pathogen of maize and a well-established model organism for the study of plant-microbe interactions. This basidiomycete fungus does not use aggressive virulence strategies to kill its host. U. maydis belongs to the group of biotrophic parasites (the smuts) that depend on living tissue for proliferation and development. Here we report the genome sequence for a member of this economically important group of biotrophic fungi. The 20.5-million-base U. maydis genome assembly contains 6,902 predicted protein-encoding genes and lacks pathogenicity signatures found in the genomes of aggressive pathogenic fungi, for example a battery of cell-wall-degrading enzymes. However, we detected unexpected genomic features responsible for the pathogenicity of this organism. Specifically, we found 12 clusters of genes encoding small secreted proteins with unknown function. A significant fraction of these genes exists in small gene families. Expression analysis showed that most of the genes contained in these clusters are regulated together and induced in infected tissue. Deletion of individual clusters altered the virulence of U. maydis in five cases, ranging from a complete lack of symptoms to hypervirulence. Despite years of research into the mechanism of pathogenicity in U. maydis, no 'true' virulence factors had been previously identified. Thus, the discovery of the secreted protein gene clusters and the functional demonstration of their decisive role in the infection process illuminate previously unknown mechanisms of pathogenicity operating in biotrophic fungi. Genomic analysis is, similarly, likely to open up new avenues for the discovery of virulence determinants in other pathogens.