date: 2021-02-08T13:24:48Z pdf:PDFVersion: 1.7 pdf:docinfo:title: Plumbagin, a Potent Naphthoquinone from Nepenthes Plants with Growth Inhibiting and Larvicidal Activities xmp:CreatorTool: LaTeX with hyperref access_permission:can_print_degraded: true subject: Some plant species are less susceptible to herbivore infestation than others. The reason for this is often unknown in detail but is very likely due to an efficient composition of secondary plant metabolites. Strikingly, carnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes show extremely less herbivory both in the field and in green house. In order to identify the basis for the efficient defense against herbivorous insects in Nepenthes, we performed bioassays using larvae of the generalist lepidopteran herbivore, Spodoptera littoralis. Larvae fed with different tissues from Nepenthes x ventrata grew significantly less when feeding on a diet containing leaf tissue compared with pitcher-trap tissue. As dominating metabolite in Nepenthes tissues, we identified a naphthoquinone, plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone). When plumbagin was added at different concentrations to the diet of S. littoralis larvae, an EC50 value for larval growth inhibition was determined with 226.5 g g-1 diet. To further determine the concentration causing higher larval mortality, sweet potato leaf discs were covered with increasing plumbagin concentrations in no-choice-assays; a higher mortality of the larvae was found beyond 60 g plumbagin per leaf, corresponding to 750 g g-1. Plant-derived insecticides have long been proposed as alternatives for pest management; plumbagin and derivatives might be such promising environmentally friendly candidates. dc:format: application/pdf; version=1.7 pdf:docinfo:creator_tool: LaTeX with hyperref access_permission:fill_in_form: true pdf:encrypted: false dc:title: Plumbagin, a Potent Naphthoquinone from Nepenthes Plants with Growth Inhibiting and Larvicidal Activities modified: 2021-02-08T13:24:48Z cp:subject: Some plant species are less susceptible to herbivore infestation than others. The reason for this is often unknown in detail but is very likely due to an efficient composition of secondary plant metabolites. Strikingly, carnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes show extremely less herbivory both in the field and in green house. In order to identify the basis for the efficient defense against herbivorous insects in Nepenthes, we performed bioassays using larvae of the generalist lepidopteran herbivore, Spodoptera littoralis. Larvae fed with different tissues from Nepenthes x ventrata grew significantly less when feeding on a diet containing leaf tissue compared with pitcher-trap tissue. As dominating metabolite in Nepenthes tissues, we identified a naphthoquinone, plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone). When plumbagin was added at different concentrations to the diet of S. littoralis larvae, an EC50 value for larval growth inhibition was determined with 226.5 g g-1 diet. To further determine the concentration causing higher larval mortality, sweet potato leaf discs were covered with increasing plumbagin concentrations in no-choice-assays; a higher mortality of the larvae was found beyond 60 g plumbagin per leaf, corresponding to 750 g g-1. Plant-derived insecticides have long been proposed as alternatives for pest management; plumbagin and derivatives might be such promising environmentally friendly candidates. pdf:docinfo:subject: Some plant species are less susceptible to herbivore infestation than others. The reason for this is often unknown in detail but is very likely due to an efficient composition of secondary plant metabolites. Strikingly, carnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes show extremely less herbivory both in the field and in green house. In order to identify the basis for the efficient defense against herbivorous insects in Nepenthes, we performed bioassays using larvae of the generalist lepidopteran herbivore, Spodoptera littoralis. Larvae fed with different tissues from Nepenthes x ventrata grew significantly less when feeding on a diet containing leaf tissue compared with pitcher-trap tissue. As dominating metabolite in Nepenthes tissues, we identified a naphthoquinone, plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone). When plumbagin was added at different concentrations to the diet of S. littoralis larvae, an EC50 value for larval growth inhibition was determined with 226.5 g g-1 diet. To further determine the concentration causing higher larval mortality, sweet potato leaf discs were covered with increasing plumbagin concentrations in no-choice-assays; a higher mortality of the larvae was found beyond 60 g plumbagin per leaf, corresponding to 750 g g-1. Plant-derived insecticides have long been proposed as alternatives for pest management; plumbagin and derivatives might be such promising environmentally friendly candidates. pdf:docinfo:creator: Asifur Rahman-Soad, Alberto Dávila-Lara, Christian Paetz and Axel Mithöfer meta:author: Asifur Rahman-Soad meta:creation-date: 2021-02-06T04:18:52Z created: 2021-02-06T04:18:52Z access_permission:extract_for_accessibility: true Creation-Date: 2021-02-06T04:18:52Z Author: Asifur Rahman-Soad producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 pdf:docinfo:producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 pdf:unmappedUnicodeCharsPerPage: 17 dc:description: Some plant species are less susceptible to herbivore infestation than others. The reason for this is often unknown in detail but is very likely due to an efficient composition of secondary plant metabolites. Strikingly, carnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes show extremely less herbivory both in the field and in green house. In order to identify the basis for the efficient defense against herbivorous insects in Nepenthes, we performed bioassays using larvae of the generalist lepidopteran herbivore, Spodoptera littoralis. Larvae fed with different tissues from Nepenthes x ventrata grew significantly less when feeding on a diet containing leaf tissue compared with pitcher-trap tissue. As dominating metabolite in Nepenthes tissues, we identified a naphthoquinone, plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone). When plumbagin was added at different concentrations to the diet of S. littoralis larvae, an EC50 value for larval growth inhibition was determined with 226.5 g g-1 diet. To further determine the concentration causing higher larval mortality, sweet potato leaf discs were covered with increasing plumbagin concentrations in no-choice-assays; a higher mortality of the larvae was found beyond 60 g plumbagin per leaf, corresponding to 750 g g-1. Plant-derived insecticides have long been proposed as alternatives for pest management; plumbagin and derivatives might be such promising environmentally friendly candidates. Keywords: naphthoquinones; plumbagin; Spodoptera littoralis; insect growth inhibition; carnivorous plants; Nepenthes access_permission:modify_annotations: true dc:creator: Asifur Rahman-Soad description: Some plant species are less susceptible to herbivore infestation than others. The reason for this is often unknown in detail but is very likely due to an efficient composition of secondary plant metabolites. Strikingly, carnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes show extremely less herbivory both in the field and in green house. In order to identify the basis for the efficient defense against herbivorous insects in Nepenthes, we performed bioassays using larvae of the generalist lepidopteran herbivore, Spodoptera littoralis. Larvae fed with different tissues from Nepenthes x ventrata grew significantly less when feeding on a diet containing leaf tissue compared with pitcher-trap tissue. As dominating metabolite in Nepenthes tissues, we identified a naphthoquinone, plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone). When plumbagin was added at different concentrations to the diet of S. littoralis larvae, an EC50 value for larval growth inhibition was determined with 226.5 g g-1 diet. To further determine the concentration causing higher larval mortality, sweet potato leaf discs were covered with increasing plumbagin concentrations in no-choice-assays; a higher mortality of the larvae was found beyond 60 g plumbagin per leaf, corresponding to 750 g g-1. Plant-derived insecticides have long been proposed as alternatives for pest management; plumbagin and derivatives might be such promising environmentally friendly candidates. dcterms:created: 2021-02-06T04:18:52Z Last-Modified: 2021-02-08T13:24:48Z dcterms:modified: 2021-02-08T13:24:48Z title: Plumbagin, a Potent Naphthoquinone from Nepenthes Plants with Growth Inhibiting and Larvicidal Activities xmpMM:DocumentID: uuid:d2aa8472-0a77-4e6c-b06f-a6a1b06f0db0 Last-Save-Date: 2021-02-08T13:24:48Z pdf:docinfo:keywords: naphthoquinones; plumbagin; Spodoptera littoralis; insect growth inhibition; carnivorous plants; Nepenthes pdf:docinfo:modified: 2021-02-08T13:24:48Z meta:save-date: 2021-02-08T13:24:48Z Content-Type: application/pdf X-Parsed-By: org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser creator: Asifur Rahman-Soad dc:subject: naphthoquinones; plumbagin; Spodoptera littoralis; insect growth inhibition; carnivorous plants; Nepenthes access_permission:assemble_document: true xmpTPg:NPages: 11 pdf:charsPerPage: 3964 access_permission:extract_content: true access_permission:can_print: true meta:keyword: naphthoquinones; plumbagin; Spodoptera littoralis; insect growth inhibition; carnivorous plants; Nepenthes access_permission:can_modify: true pdf:docinfo:created: 2021-02-06T04:18:52Z