Recent genetic connectivity and clinal variation in chimpanzees

Lester, Jack D.; Vigilant, Linda; Gratton, Paolo; McCarthy, Maureen S.; Barratt, Christopher D.; Dieguez, Paula; Agbor, Anthony; Álvarez-Varona, Paula; Angedakin, Samuel; Ayimisin, Ayuk Emmanuel; Bailey, Emma; Bessone, Mattia; Brazzola, Gregory; Chancellor, Rebecca; Cohen, Heather; Danquah, Emmanuel; Deschner, Tobias; Egbe, Villard Ebot; Eno-Nku, Manasseh; Goedmakers, Annemarie; Granjon, Anne-Céline; Head, Josephine; Hedwig, Daniela; Hernandez-Aguilar, R. Adriana; Jeffery, Kathryn J.; Jones, Sorrel; Junker, Jessica; Kadam, Parag; Kaiser, Michael; Kalan, Ammie K.; Kehoe, Laura; Kienast, Ivonne; Langergraber, Kevin E.; Lapuente, Juan; Laudisoit, Anne; Lee, Kevin; Marrocoli, Sergio; Mihindou, Vianet; Morgan, David; Muhanguzi, Geoffrey; Neil, Emily; Nicholl, Sonia; Orbell, Christopher; Ormsby, Lucy Jayne; Pacheco, Liliana; Piel, Alex; Robbins, Martha M.; Rundus, Aaron; Sanz, Crickette; Sciaky, Lilah; Siaka, Alhaji M.; Städele, Veronika; Stewart, Fiona; Tagg, Nikki; Ton, Els; van Schijndel, Joost; Vyalengerera, Magloire Kambale; Wessling, Erin G.; Willie, Jacob; Wittig, Roman M.; Yuh, Yisa Ginath; Yurkiw, Kyle; Zuberbuehler, Klaus; Boesch, Christophe; Kühl, Hjalmar S.; Arandjelovic, Mimi

doi:10.1038/s42003-021-01806-x

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Recent genetic connectivity and clinal variation in chimpanzees

MPS-Authors

/persons/resource/persons181358

Lester, Jack D.
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;
The Leipzig School of Human Origins (IMPRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons73023

Vigilant, Linda
Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons191492

Gratton, Paolo
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons181356

McCarthy, Maureen S.
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons192158

Dieguez, Paula
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons199923

Agbor, Anthony
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons207390

Angedakin, Samuel
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons220640

Ayimisin, Ayuk Emmanuel
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons230961

Bailey, Emma
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons220642

Bessone, Mattia
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons220644

Brazzola, Gregory
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206536

Cohen, Heather
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons72641

Deschner, Tobias
Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;
Chimpanzees, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons230968

Egbe, Villard Ebot
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons192513

Granjon, Anne-Céline
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons72737

Head, Josephine
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons207405

Jones, Sorrel
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons73648

Junker, Jessica
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons252854

Kaiser, Michael
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons104419

Kalan, Ammie K.
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;
Chimpanzees, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons230978

Kienast, Ivonne
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons207408

Lapuente, Juan
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons200019

Lee, Kevin
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons192161

Marrocoli, Sergio
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206490

Neil, Emily
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons220648

Nicholl, Sonia
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons220650

Ormsby, Lucy Jayne
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons72936

Robbins, Martha M.
Gorillas, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons247737

Sciaky, Lilah
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons137172

Städele, Veronika
Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons257925

Vyalengerera, Magloire Kambale
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons73044

Wittig, Roman M.
Chimpanzees, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons207402

Yuh, Yisa Ginath
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons230986

Yurkiw, Kyle
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons72593

Boesch, Christophe
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;
Chimpanzees, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons72806

Kühl, Hjalmar S.
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;
Chimpanzees, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons72566

Arandjelovic, Mimi
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;
Chimpanzees, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

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Lester_Recent_CommBiol_2021.pdf
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Citation

Lester, J. D., Vigilant, L., Gratton, P., McCarthy, M. S., Barratt, C. D., Dieguez, P., et al. (2021). Recent genetic connectivity and clinal variation in chimpanzees. Communications Biology, 4(1): 283. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-01806-x.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0008-1931-5

Abstract

Much like humans, chimpanzees occupy diverse habitats and exhibit extensive behavioural variability. However, chimpanzees are recognized as a discontinuous species, with four subspecies separated by historical geographic barriers. Nevertheless, their range-wide degree of genetic connectivity remains poorly resolved, mainly due to sampling limitations. By analyzing a geographically comprehensive sample set amplified at microsatellite markers that inform recent population history, we found that isolation by distance explains most of the range-wide genetic structure of chimpanzees. Furthermore, we did not identify spatial discontinuities corresponding with the recognized subspecies, suggesting that some of the subspecies-delineating geographic barriers were recently permeable to gene flow. Substantial range-wide genetic connectivity is consistent with the hypothesis that behavioural flexibility is a salient driver of chimpanzee responses to changing environmental conditions. Finally, our observation of strong local differentiation associated with recent anthropogenic pressures portends future loss of critical genetic diversity if habitat fragmentation and population isolation continue unabated.