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Christine Quentin
Rūta Gerasimaitė
Alexandra Freidzon
Levon S. Atabekyan
Gražvydas Lukinavičius
Vladimir N. Belov and Gyuzel Y. Mitronova
amlodipine
fluorescence
live cell imaging
microscopy
lysosomes
Amlodipine, a unique long-lasting calcium channel antagonist and antihypertensive drug, has weak fluorescence in aqueous solutions. In the current paper, we show that direct visualization of amlodipine in live cells is possible due to the enhanced emission in cellular environment. We examined the impact of pH, polarity and viscosity of the environment as well as protein binding on the spectral properties of amlodipine in vitro, and used quantum chemical calculations for assessing the mechanism of fluorescence quenching in aqueous solutions. The confocal fluorescence microscopy shows that the drug readily penetrates the plasma membrane and accumulates in the intracellular vesicles. Visible emission and photostability of amlodipine allow confocal time-lapse imaging and the drug uptake monitoring.
Direct Visualization of Amlodipine Intervention into Living Cells by Means of Fluorescence Microscopy
application/pdf
2021-05-18T13:44:30+02:00
LaTeX with hyperref
2021-06-29T14:57:33+02:00
amlodipine; fluorescence; live cell imaging; microscopy; lysosomes
pdfTeX-1.40.21
This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.21 (TeX Live 2020/W32TeX) kpathsea version 6.3.2
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