date: 2022-05-23T08:08:51Z
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pdf:docinfo:title: How Cell Geometry and Cellular Patterning Influence Tissue Stiffness
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Keywords: cell geometry; cellular patterning; cell growth; biomechanics; microextensometer; finite element method; FEM; modeling; MorphoRobotX; MorphoMechanX
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subject: Cell growth in plants occurs due to relaxation of the cell wall in response to mechanical forces generated by turgor pressure. Growth can be anisotropic, with the principal direction of growth often correlating with the direction of lower stiffness of the cell wall. However, extensometer experiments on onion epidermal peels have shown that the tissue is stiffer in the principal direction of growth. Here, we used a combination of microextensometer experiments on epidermal onion peels and finite element method (FEM) modeling to investigate how cell geometry and cellular patterning affects mechanical measurements made at the tissue level. Simulations with isotropic cell-wall material parameters showed that the orientation of elongated cells influences tissue apparent stiffness, with the tissue appearing much softer in the transverse versus the longitudinal directions. Our simulations suggest that although extensometer experiments show that the onion tissue is stiffer when stretched in the longitudinal direction, the effect of cellular geometry means that the wall is in fact softer in this direction, matching the primary growth direction of the cells.
dc:creator: Mateusz Majda, Nicola Trozzi, Gabriella Mosca and Richard S. Smith
dcterms:created: 2022-05-23T07:29:23Z
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title: How Cell Geometry and Cellular Patterning Influence Tissue Stiffness
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pdf:docinfo:keywords: cell geometry; cellular patterning; cell growth; biomechanics; microextensometer; finite element method; FEM; modeling; MorphoRobotX; MorphoMechanX
pdf:docinfo:modified: 2022-05-23T08:08:51Z
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dc:title: How Cell Geometry and Cellular Patterning Influence Tissue Stiffness
modified: 2022-05-23T08:08:51Z
cp:subject: Cell growth in plants occurs due to relaxation of the cell wall in response to mechanical forces generated by turgor pressure. Growth can be anisotropic, with the principal direction of growth often correlating with the direction of lower stiffness of the cell wall. However, extensometer experiments on onion epidermal peels have shown that the tissue is stiffer in the principal direction of growth. Here, we used a combination of microextensometer experiments on epidermal onion peels and finite element method (FEM) modeling to investigate how cell geometry and cellular patterning affects mechanical measurements made at the tissue level. Simulations with isotropic cell-wall material parameters showed that the orientation of elongated cells influences tissue apparent stiffness, with the tissue appearing much softer in the transverse versus the longitudinal directions. Our simulations suggest that although extensometer experiments show that the onion tissue is stiffer when stretched in the longitudinal direction, the effect of cellular geometry means that the wall is in fact softer in this direction, matching the primary growth direction of the cells.
pdf:docinfo:subject: Cell growth in plants occurs due to relaxation of the cell wall in response to mechanical forces generated by turgor pressure. Growth can be anisotropic, with the principal direction of growth often correlating with the direction of lower stiffness of the cell wall. However, extensometer experiments on onion epidermal peels have shown that the tissue is stiffer in the principal direction of growth. Here, we used a combination of microextensometer experiments on epidermal onion peels and finite element method (FEM) modeling to investigate how cell geometry and cellular patterning affects mechanical measurements made at the tissue level. Simulations with isotropic cell-wall material parameters showed that the orientation of elongated cells influences tissue apparent stiffness, with the tissue appearing much softer in the transverse versus the longitudinal directions. Our simulations suggest that although extensometer experiments show that the onion tissue is stiffer when stretched in the longitudinal direction, the effect of cellular geometry means that the wall is in fact softer in this direction, matching the primary growth direction of the cells.
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pdf:docinfo:creator: Mateusz Majda, Nicola Trozzi, Gabriella Mosca and Richard S. Smith
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creator: Mateusz Majda, Nicola Trozzi, Gabriella Mosca and Richard S. Smith
meta:author: Mateusz Majda, Nicola Trozzi, Gabriella Mosca and Richard S. Smith
dc:subject: cell geometry; cellular patterning; cell growth; biomechanics; microextensometer; finite element method; FEM; modeling; MorphoRobotX; MorphoMechanX
meta:creation-date: 2022-05-23T07:29:23Z
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meta:keyword: cell geometry; cellular patterning; cell growth; biomechanics; microextensometer; finite element method; FEM; modeling; MorphoRobotX; MorphoMechanX
Author: Mateusz Majda, Nicola Trozzi, Gabriella Mosca and Richard S. Smith
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