ICON-Sapphire: simulating the components of the Earth System and their 
interactions at kilometer and subkilometer scales

Hohenegger, Cathy; Korn, Peter; Linardakis, Leonidas; Redler, Rene; Schnur, Reiner; Adamidis, P.; Bao, Jiawei; Bastin, Swantje; Behravesh, M.; Bergemann, Martin; Biercamp, J.; Bockelmann, H.; Brokopf, Renate; Brüggemann, Nils; Casaroli, L.; Chegini, Fatemeh; Datseris, G.; Esch, Monika; George, Geet; Giorgetta, Marco A.; Gutjahr, Oliver; Haak, Helmut; Hanke, M.; Ilyina, Tatiana; Jahns, T.; Jungclaus, Johann H.; Kern, M.; Klocke, Daniel; Kluft, Lukas; Kölling, Tobias; Kornblueh, Luis; Kosukhin, Sergey; Kroll, Clarissa; Lee, J.; Mauritsen, T.; Mehlmann, C.; Mieslinger, Theresa; Naumann, Ann Kristin; Paccini, Laura; Peinado, A.; Praturi, D. S.; Putrasahan, Dian; Rast, Sebastian; Riddick, Thomas; Roeber, N.; Schmidt, Hauke; Schulzweida, Uwe; Schütte, F.; Segura, H.; Shevchenko, Radomyra; Singh, V.; Specht, M.; Stephan, Claudia C.; von Storch, Jin Song; Vogel, R.; Wengel, C.; Winkler, M.; Ziemen, Florian; Marotzke, Jochem; Stevens, Bjorn

doi:10.5194/gmd-16-779-2023

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ICON-Sapphire: simulating the components of the Earth System and their interactions at kilometer and subkilometer scales

MPS-Authors

/persons/resource/persons59492

Hohenegger, Cathy
Precipitating Convection, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37215

Korn, Peter
Applied Mathematics and Computational Physics (AMCP), The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons221304

Linardakis, Leonidas
Computational Infrastructure and Model Development (CIMD), Scientific Computing Lab (ScLab), MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37303

Redler, Rene
Computational Infrastructure and Model Development (CIMD), Scientific Computing Lab (ScLab), MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37322

Schnur, Reiner
Computational Infrastructure and Model Development (CIMD), Scientific Computing Lab (ScLab), MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons277507

Bao, Jiawei
Global Circulation and Climate, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons291125

Bastin, Swantje
External Author, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons240585

Bergemann, Martin
Precipitating Convection, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37112

Brokopf, Renate
Wave Driven Circulations, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons271849

Brüggemann, Nils
Applied Mathematics and Computational Physics (AMCP), The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons271844

Chegini, Fatemeh
Ocean Biogeochemistry, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons217290

Datseris, G.
Department of Nonlinear Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37141

Esch, Monika
Wave Driven Circulations, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons260940

George, Geet
Tropical Cloud Observations, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37156

Giorgetta, Marco A.
Wave Driven Circulations, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons220055

Gutjahr, Oliver
Director’s Research Group OES, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37167

Haak, Helmut
Director’s Research Group OES, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37188

Ilyina, Tatiana
Ocean Biogeochemistry, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37193

Jungclaus, Johann H.
Director’s Research Group OES, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37206

Klocke, Daniel
Computational Infrastructure and Model Development (CIMD), Scientific Computing Lab (ScLab), MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons228456

Kluft, Lukas
Global Circulation and Climate, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons260942

Kölling, Tobias
Tropical Cloud Observations, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37214

Kornblueh, Luis
Computational Infrastructure and Model Development (CIMD), Scientific Computing Lab (ScLab), MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons220129

Kosukhin, Sergey
Computational Infrastructure and Model Development (CIMD), Scientific Computing Lab (ScLab), MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons282357

Kroll, Clarissa
Stratospheric Forcing and Climate, Department Climate Physics, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;
IMPRS on Earth System Modelling, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons282237

Mieslinger, Theresa
Director’s Research Group AES, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons73304

Naumann, Ann Kristin
Drivers of tropical circulation (CLICCS JWG), The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons246498

Paccini, Laura
Precipitating Convection, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons211267

Putrasahan, Dian
Ocean Statistics, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37300

Rast, Sebastian
Global Circulation and Climate, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons264759

Riddick, Thomas
Climate-Biogeosphere Interaction, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37320

Schmidt, Hauke
Global Circulation and Climate, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37326

Schulzweida, Uwe
Director’s Research Group OES, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons284926

Shevchenko, Radomyra
Precipitating Convection, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons229080

Stephan, Claudia C.
Cloud-wave Coupling, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37369

von Storch, Jin Song
Ocean Statistics, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37256

Marotzke, Jochem
Director’s Research Group OES, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37347

Stevens, Bjorn
Director’s Research Group AES, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Hohenegger, C., Korn, P., Linardakis, L., Redler, R., Schnur, R., Adamidis, P., et al. (2023). ICON-Sapphire: simulating the components of the Earth System and their interactions at kilometer and subkilometer scales. Geoscientific Model Development, 16, 779-811. doi:10.5194/gmd-16-779-2023.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000B-36FE-B

Abstract

State-of-the-art Earth System models typically employ grid spacings of O(100 km), too coarse to explicitly resolve main drivers of the flow of energy and matter across the Earth System. In this paper, we present the new ICON-Sapphire model configuration, which targets a representation of the components of the Earth System and their interactions with a grid spacing of 10 km and finer. Through the use of selected simulation examples, we demonstrate that ICON-Sapphire can already now (i) be run coupled globally on seasonal time scales with a grid spacing of 5 km and on monthly time scales with a grid spacing of 2.5 km, (ii) resolve large eddies in the atmosphere using hectometer grid spacings on limited-area domains in atmosphere-only simulations, (iii) resolve submesoscale ocean eddies by using a global uniform grid of 1.25 km or a telescoping grid with a finest grid spacing of 530 m, the latter coupled to a uniform atmosphere and (iv) simulate biogeochemistry in an ocean-only simulation integrated for 4 years at 10 km. Comparison to observations of these various configurations reveals no obvious pitfall. The throughput of the coupled 5-km global simulation is 126 simulated days per day employing 21 % of the latest machine of the German Climate Computing Center. Extrapolating from these results, multi-decadal global simulations including interactive carbon are now possible and short global simulations resolving large eddies in the atmosphere and submesoscale eddies in the ocean are within reach