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  Optimizing Spatial Filters for BCI: Margin- and Evidence-Maximization Approaches

Farquhar, J., Hill, N., & Schölkopf, B. (2006). Optimizing Spatial Filters for BCI: Margin- and Evidence-Maximization Approaches. Poster presented at MAIA Project Workshop 2006: Challenging Brain-Computer Interfaces: Neural Engineering Meets Clinical Needs in Neurorehabilitation, Roma, Italy.

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 Creators:
Farquhar, J1, 2, Author           
Hill, NJ1, 2, Author           
Schölkopf, B1, 2, Author           
Affiliations:
1Department Empirical Inference, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Society, ou_1497795              
2Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Society, Spemannstrasse 38, 72076 Tübingen, DE, ou_1497794              

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 Abstract: We present easy-to-use alternatives to the often-used two-stage Common Spatial Pattern + classifier approach for spatial filtering and classification of Event-Related Desychnronization signals in BCI. We report two algorithms that aim to optimize the spatial filters according to a criterion more directly related to the ability of the algorithms to generalize to unseen data. Both are based upon the idea of treating the spatial filter coefficients as hyperparameters of a kernel or covariance function. We then optimize these hyper-parameters directly along side the normal classifier parameters with respect to our chosen learning objective function. The two objectives considered are margin maximization as used in Support-Vector Machines and the evidence maximization framework used in Gaussian Processes. Our experiments assessed generalization error as a function of the number of training points used, on 9 BCI competition data sets and 5 offline motor imagery data sets measured in Tubingen. Both our approaches sho
w consistent improvements relative to the commonly used CSP+linear classifier combination. Strikingly, the improvement is most significant in the higher noise cases, when either few trails are used for training, or with the most poorly performing subjects. This a reversal of the usual "rich get richer" effect in the development of CSP extensions, which tend to perform best when the signal is strong enough to accurately find their additional parameters. This makes our approach particularly suitable for clinical application where high levels of noise are to be expected.

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 Dates: 2006-11
 Publication Status: Published online
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 Identifiers: BibTex Citekey: 4246
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Title: MAIA Project Workshop 2006: Challenging Brain-Computer Interfaces: Neural Engineering Meets Clinical Needs in Neurorehabilitation
Place of Event: Roma, Italy
Start-/End Date: 2006-11-09 - 2006-11-10

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