Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational 
attainment

Okbay, A.; Beauchamp, J. P.; Fontana, M. A.; Lee, J. J.; Pers, T. H.; Rietveld, C. A.; Turley, P.; Chen, G. B.; Emilsson, V.; Meddens, S. F. W.; Oskarsson, S.; Pickrell, J. K.; Thom, K.; Timshel, P.; De Vlaming, R.; Abdellaoui, A.; Ahluwalia, T. S.; Bacelis, J.; Baumbach, C; Bjornsdottir, G.; Brandsma, J.H.; Pina Concas, M.; Derringer, J.; Furlotte, N. A.; Galesloot, T. E.; Girotto, G.; Gupta, R.; Hall, L. M.; Harris, S. E.; Hofer, E.; Horikoshi, M.; Huffman, J. E.; Kaasik, K.; Kalafati, I. P.; Karlsson, R.; Kong, A.; Lahti, J.; Lee, S. J. V. D.; DeLeeuw, C.; Lind, P. A.; Lindgren, K. -O.; Liu, T.; Mangino, M.; Marten, J.; Mihailov, E.; Miller, M. B.; Van der Most, P. J.; Oldmeadow, C.; Payton, A.; Pervjakova, N.; Peyrot, W. J.; Qian, Y.; Raitakari, O.; Rueedi, R.; Salvi, E.; Schmidt, B.; Schraut, K. E.; Shi, J.; Smith, A. V.; Poot, R. A.; St Pourcain, Beate; Teumer, A.; Thorleifsson, G.; Verweij, N.; Vuckovic, D.; Wellmann, J.; Westra, H. -J.; Yang, J.; Zhao, W.; Zhu, Z.; Alizadeh, B. Z.; Amin, N.; Bakshi, A.; Baumeister, S. E.; Biino, G.; Bønnelykke, K.; Boyle, P. A.; Campbell, H.; Cappuccio, F. P.; Davies, G.; De Neve, J. -E.; Deloukas, P.; Demuth, I.; Ding, J.; Eibich, P.; Eisele, L.; Eklund, N.; Evans, D. M.; Faul, J. D.; Feitosa, M. F.; Forstner, A. J.; Gandin, I.; Gunnarsson, B.; Halldórsson, B. V.; Harris, T. B.; Heath, A. C.; Hocking, L. J.; Holliday, E. G.; Homuth, G.; Horan, M. A.; Hottenga, J. -J.; De Jager, P. L.; Joshi, P. K.; Jugessur, A.; Kaakinen, M. A.; Kähönen, M.; Kanoni, S.; Keltigangas-Järvinen, L.; Kiemeney, L. A. L. M.; Kolcic, I.; Koskinen, S.; Kraja, A. T.; Kroh, M.; Kutalik, Z.; Latvala, A.; Launer, L. J.; Lebreton, M. P.; Levinson, D. F.; Lichtenstein, P.; Lichtner, P.; Liewald, D. C. M.; Cohert Study, L.; Loukola, A.; Madden, P. A.; Mägi, R.; Mäki-Opas, T.; Marioni, R. E.; Marques-Vidal, P.; Meddens, G. A.; McMahon, G.; Meisinger, C.; Meitinger, T.; Milaneschi, Y.; Milani, L.; Montgomery, G. W.; Myhre, R.; Nelson, C. P.; Nyholt, D. R.; Ollier, W. E. R.; Palotie, A.; Paternoster, L.; Pedersen, N. L.; Petrovic, K. E.; Porteous, D. J.; Räikkönen, K.; Ring, S. M.; Robino, A.; Rostapshova, O.; Rudan, I.; Rustichini, A.; Salomaa, V.; Sanders, A. R.; Sarin, A. -P.; Schmidt, H.; Scott, R. J.; Smith, B. H.; Smith, J. A.; Staessen, J. A.; Steinhagen-Thiessen, E.; Strauch, K.; Terracciano, A.; Tobin, M. D.; Ulivi, S.; Vaccargiu, S.; Quaye, L.; Van Rooij, F. J. A.; Venturini, C.; Vinkhuyzen, A. A. E.; Völker, U.; Völzke, H.; Vonk, J. M.; Vozzi, D.; Waage, J.; Ware, E. B.; Willemsen, G.; Attia, J. R.; Bennett, D. A.; Berger, K.; Bertram, L.; Bisgaard, H.; Boomsma, D. I.; Borecki, I. B.; Bültmann, U.; Chabris, C. F.; Cucca, F.; Cusi, D.; Deary, I. J.; Dedoussis, G. V.; Van Duijn, C. M.; Eriksson, J. G.; Franke, B.; Franke, L.; Gasparini, P.; Gejman, P. V.; Gieger, C.; Grabe, H. -J.; Gratten, J.; Groenen, P. J. F.; Gudnason, V.; Van der Harst, P.; Hayward, C.; Hinds, D. A.; Hoffmann, W.; Hyppönen, E.; Iacono, W. G.; Jacobsson, B.; Järvelin, M. -R.; Jöckel, K. -H.; Kaprio, J.; Kardia, S. L. R.; Lehtimäki, T.; Lehrer, S. F.; Magnusson, P. K. E.; Martin, N. G.; McGue, M.; Metspalu, A.; Pendleton, N.; Penninx, B. W. J. H.; Perola, M.; Pirastu, N.; Pirastu, M.; Polasek, O.; Posthuma, D.; Power, C.; Province, M. A.; Samani, N. J.; Schlessinger, D.; Schmidt, R.; Sørensen, T. I. A.; Spector, T. D.; Stefansson, K.; Thorsteinsdottir, U.; Thurik, A. R.; Timpson, N. J.; Tiemeier, H.; Tung, J. Y.; Uitterlinden, A. G.; Vitart, V.; Vollenweider, P.; Weir, D. R.; Wilson, J. F.; Wright, A. F.; Conley, D. C.; Krueger, R. F.; Davey Smith, G.; Hofman, A.; Laibson, D. I.; Medland, S. E.; Meyer, M. N.; Yang, J.; Johannesson, M.; Visscher, P. M.; Esko, T.; Koellinger, P. D.; Cesarini, D.; Benjamin, D. J.

doi:10.1038/nature17671

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Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment

Okbay, A., Beauchamp, J. P., Fontana, M. A., Lee, J. J., Pers, T. H., Rietveld, C. A., et al. (2016). Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment. Nature, 533, 539-542. doi:10.1038/nature17671.

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Okbay, A., Author
Beauchamp, J. P., Author
Fontana, M. A., Author
Lee, J. J., Author
Pers, T. H., Author
Rietveld, C. A., Author
Turley, P., Author
Chen, G. B. , Author
Emilsson, V., Author
Meddens, S. F. W., Author
Oskarsson, S., Author
Pickrell, J. K., Author
Thom, K., Author
Timshel, P., Author
De Vlaming, R., Author
Abdellaoui, A., Author
Ahluwalia, T. S., Author
Bacelis, J., Author
Baumbach, C, Author
Bjornsdottir, G., Author
Brandsma, J.H., AuthorPina Concas, M., AuthorDerringer, J., AuthorFurlotte, N. A., AuthorGalesloot, T. E., AuthorGirotto, G., AuthorGupta, R., AuthorHall, L. M., AuthorHarris, S. E., AuthorHofer, E., AuthorHorikoshi, M., AuthorHuffman, J. E., AuthorKaasik, K., AuthorKalafati, I. P., AuthorKarlsson, R., AuthorKong, A., AuthorLahti, J., AuthorLee, S. J. V. D., AuthorDeLeeuw, C., AuthorLind, P. A., AuthorLindgren, K. -O., AuthorLiu, T., AuthorMangino, M., AuthorMarten, J., AuthorMihailov, E., AuthorMiller, M. B., AuthorVan der Most, P. J., AuthorOldmeadow, C. , AuthorPayton, A., AuthorPervjakova, N., AuthorPeyrot, W. J., AuthorQian, Y., AuthorRaitakari, O., AuthorRueedi, R., AuthorSalvi, E., AuthorSchmidt, B., AuthorSchraut, K. E., AuthorShi, J., AuthorSmith, A. V., AuthorPoot, R. A., AuthorSt Pourcain, Beate^{1, 2, 3}, Author Teumer, A., AuthorThorleifsson, G., AuthorVerweij, N., AuthorVuckovic, D., AuthorWellmann, J., AuthorWestra, H. -J., AuthorYang, J., AuthorZhao, W., AuthorZhu, Z., AuthorAlizadeh, B. Z., AuthorAmin, N., AuthorBakshi, A., AuthorBaumeister, S. E., AuthorBiino, G., AuthorBønnelykke, K., AuthorBoyle, P. A., AuthorCampbell, H., AuthorCappuccio, F. P., AuthorDavies, G., AuthorDe Neve, J. -E., AuthorDeloukas, P. , AuthorDemuth, I., AuthorDing, J., AuthorEibich, P., AuthorEisele, L., AuthorEklund, N., AuthorEvans, D. M., AuthorFaul, J. D., AuthorFeitosa, M. F., AuthorForstner, A. J. , AuthorGandin, I., AuthorGunnarsson, B., AuthorHalldórsson, B. V., AuthorHarris, T. B., AuthorHeath, A. C., AuthorHocking, L. J., AuthorHolliday, E. G., AuthorHomuth, G., AuthorHoran, M. A., AuthorHottenga, J. -J., AuthorDe Jager, P. L. , AuthorJoshi, P. K., AuthorJugessur, A., AuthorKaakinen, M. A., AuthorKähönen, M., AuthorKanoni, S., AuthorKeltigangas-Järvinen, L., AuthorKiemeney, L. A. L. M., AuthorKolcic, I., AuthorKoskinen, S., AuthorKraja, A. T., AuthorKroh, M., AuthorKutalik, Z., AuthorLatvala, A., AuthorLauner, L. J., AuthorLebreton, M. P., AuthorLevinson, D. F. , AuthorLichtenstein, P., AuthorLichtner, P., AuthorLiewald, D. C. M. , AuthorCohert Study, L., AuthorLoukola, A., AuthorMadden, P. A., AuthorMägi, R., AuthorMäki-Opas, T., AuthorMarioni, R. E. , AuthorMarques-Vidal, P., AuthorMeddens, G. A. , AuthorMcMahon, G., AuthorMeisinger, C., AuthorMeitinger, T., AuthorMilaneschi, Y., AuthorMilani, L., AuthorMontgomery, G. W. , AuthorMyhre, R., AuthorNelson, C. P., AuthorNyholt, D. R., AuthorOllier, W. E. R. , AuthorPalotie, A., AuthorPaternoster, L., AuthorPedersen, N. L. , AuthorPetrovic, K. E., AuthorPorteous, D. J. , AuthorRäikkönen, K., AuthorRing, S. M., AuthorRobino, A., AuthorRostapshova, O., AuthorRudan, I., AuthorRustichini, A., AuthorSalomaa, V., AuthorSanders, A. R., AuthorSarin, A. -P., AuthorSchmidt, H., AuthorScott, R. J., AuthorSmith, B. H., AuthorSmith, J. A., AuthorStaessen, J. A., AuthorSteinhagen-Thiessen, E., AuthorStrauch, K., AuthorTerracciano, A., AuthorTobin, M. D., AuthorUlivi, S., AuthorVaccargiu, S., AuthorQuaye, L., AuthorVan Rooij, F. J. A., AuthorVenturini, C., AuthorVinkhuyzen, A. A. E. , AuthorVölker, U., AuthorVölzke, H., AuthorVonk, J. M., AuthorVozzi, D., AuthorWaage, J., AuthorWare, E. B., AuthorWillemsen, G., AuthorAttia, J. R., AuthorBennett, D. A., AuthorBerger, K., AuthorBertram, L., AuthorBisgaard, H., AuthorBoomsma, D. I., AuthorBorecki, I. B., AuthorBültmann, U., AuthorChabris, C. F. , AuthorCucca, F., AuthorCusi, D., AuthorDeary, I. J., AuthorDedoussis, G. V. , AuthorVan Duijn, C. M., AuthorEriksson, J. G., AuthorFranke, B., AuthorFranke, L., AuthorGasparini, P., AuthorGejman, P. V. , AuthorGieger, C., AuthorGrabe, H. -J., AuthorGratten, J., AuthorGroenen, P. J. F., AuthorGudnason, V., AuthorVan der Harst, P., AuthorHayward, C., AuthorHinds, D. A., AuthorHoffmann, W., AuthorHyppönen, E., AuthorIacono, W. G. , AuthorJacobsson, B., AuthorJärvelin, M. -R., AuthorJöckel, K. -H., AuthorKaprio, J., AuthorKardia, S. L. R. , AuthorLehtimäki, T. , AuthorLehrer, S. F., AuthorMagnusson, P. K. E. , AuthorMartin, N. G. , AuthorMcGue, M., AuthorMetspalu, A., AuthorPendleton, N., AuthorPenninx, B. W. J. H., AuthorPerola, M., AuthorPirastu, N., AuthorPirastu, M., AuthorPolasek, O., AuthorPosthuma, D., AuthorPower, C., AuthorProvince, M. A. , AuthorSamani, N. J., AuthorSchlessinger, D., AuthorSchmidt, R., AuthorSørensen, T. I. A. , AuthorSpector, T. D. , AuthorStefansson, K., AuthorThorsteinsdottir, U., AuthorThurik, A. R. , AuthorTimpson, N. J., AuthorTiemeier, H., AuthorTung, J. Y., AuthorUitterlinden, A. G. , AuthorVitart, V., AuthorVollenweider, P., AuthorWeir, D. R. , AuthorWilson, J. F., AuthorWright, A. F. , AuthorConley, D. C., AuthorKrueger, R. F. , AuthorDavey Smith, G., AuthorHofman, A., AuthorLaibson, D. I., AuthorMedland, S. E. , AuthorMeyer, M. N. , AuthorYang, J., AuthorJohannesson, M., AuthorVisscher, P. M., AuthorEsko, T., AuthorKoellinger, P. D. , AuthorCesarini, D., AuthorBenjamin, D. J., Author more..

Affiliations:
1MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, ou_persistent22
2School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK , ou_persistent22
3Population genetics of human communication, MPI for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Society, Wundtlaan 1, 6525 XD Nijmegen, NL, ou_2579694

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Abstract: Educational attainment is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for educational attainment that extends our earlier discovery sample of 101,069 individuals to 293,723 individuals, and a replication study in an independent sample of 111,349 individuals from the UK Biobank. We identify 74 genome-wide significant loci associated with the number of years of schooling completed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with educational attainment are disproportionately found in genomic regions regulating gene expression in the fetal brain. Candidate genes are preferentially expressed in neural tissue, especially during the prenatal period, and enriched for biological pathways involved in neural development. Our findings demonstrate that, even for a behavioural phenotype that is mostly environmentally determined, a well-powered GWAS identifies replicable associated genetic variants that suggest biologically relevant pathways. Because educational attainment is measured in large numbers of individuals, it will continue to be useful as a proxy phenotype in efforts to characterize the genetic influences of related phenotypes, including cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases

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Language(s): eng - English

Dates: Date issued: 2016

Publication Status: Issued

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Rev. Type: Peer

Identifiers: DOI: 10.1038/nature17671

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Title: Nature

Abbreviation : Nature

Source Genre: Journal

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Publ. Info: London : Nature Publishing Group

Pages: - Volume / Issue: 533 Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 539 - 542 Identifier: ISSN: 0028-0836
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925427238