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  Bronze Age population dynamics and the rise of dairy pastoralism on the eastern Eurasian steppe

Jeong, C., Wilkin, S., Amgalantugs, T., Bouwman, A. S., Taylor, W. T. T., Hagan, R., et al. (2018). Bronze Age population dynamics and the rise of dairy pastoralism on the eastern Eurasian steppe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(48), E11248-E11255. doi:10.1073/pnas.1813608115.

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Jeong, Choongwon1, Author           
Wilkin, Shevan2, Author           
Amgalantugs, Tsend, Author
Bouwman, Abigail S., Author
Taylor, William Timothy Treal2, Author           
Hagan, Richard3, Author           
Bromage, Sabri, Author
Tsolmon, Soninkhishig, Author
Trachsel, Christian, Author
Grossmann, Jonas, Author
Littleton, Judith, Author
Makarewicz, Cheryl A., Author
Krigbaum, John, Author
Burri Promerová, Marta3, Author           
Scott, Ashley3, Author           
Davaasambuu, Ganmaa, Author
Wright, Joshua, Author
Irmer, Franziska2, Author           
Myagmar, Erdene, Author
Boivin, Nicole L.2, Author           
Robbeets, Martine1, Author           Rühli, Frank J., AuthorKrause, Johannes3, Author           Frohlich, Bruno, AuthorHendy, Jessica2, Author           Warinner, Christina G.4, Author            more..
Affiliations:
1Eurasia3angle, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society, ou_2301699              
2Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society, ou_2074312              
3Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society, ou_2074310              
4Kostbare Kulturen, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society, ou_2591692              

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 Abstract: Since the Bronze Age, pastoralism has been a dominant subsistence mode on the Western steppe, but the origins of this tradition on the Eastern steppe are poorly understood. Here we investigate a putative early pastoralist population in northern Mongolia and find that dairy production was established on the Eastern steppe by 1300 BCE. Milk proteins preserved in dental calculus indicate an early focus on Western domesticated ruminants rather than local species, but genetic ancestry analysis indicates minimal admixture with Western steppe herders, suggesting that dairy pastoralism was introduced through adoption by local hunter-gatherers rather than population replacement.Recent paleogenomic studies have shown that migrations of Western steppe herders (WSH) beginning in the Eneolithic (ca. 3300–}2700 BCE) profoundly transformed the genes and cultures of Europe and central Asia. Compared with Europe, however, the eastern extent of this WSH expansion is not well defined. Here we present genomic and proteomic data from 22 directly dated Late Bronze Age burials putatively associated with early pastoralism in northern Mongolia (ca. 1380{–975 BCE). Genome-wide analysis reveals that they are largely descended from a population represented by Early Bronze Age hunter-gatherers in the Baikal region, with only a limited contribution (˜7%) of WSH ancestry. At the same time, however, mass spectrometry analysis of dental calculus provides direct protein evidence of bovine, sheep, and goat milk consumption in seven of nine individuals. No individuals showed molecular evidence of lactase persistence, and only one individual exhibited evidence of gt;10% WSH ancestry, despite the presence of WSH populations in the nearby Altai-Sayan region for more than a millennium. Unlike the spread of Neolithic farming in Europe and the expansion of Bronze Age pastoralism on the Western steppe, our results indicate that ruminant dairy pastoralism was adopted on the Eastern steppe by local hunter-gatherers through a process of cultural transmission and minimal genetic exchange with outside groups.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2018-11-05
 Publication Status: Published online
 Pages: 8
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813608115
Other: shh1120
 Degree: -

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Project name : DAIRYCULTURES
Grant ID : 804884
Funding program : Horizon 2020 (H2020)
Funding organization : European Commission (EC)
Project name : EURASIA3ANGLE
Grant ID : 646612
Funding program : Horizon 2020 (H2020)
Funding organization : European Commission (EC)

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Title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
  Other : Proc. Acad. Sci. USA
  Other : Proc. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
  Other : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA
  Abbreviation : PNAS
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Washington, D.C. : National Academy of Sciences
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 115 (48) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: E11248 - E11255 Identifier: ISSN: 0027-8424
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925427230