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  Investigating stratospheric changes between 2009 and 2018 with halogenated trace gas data from aircraft, AirCores, and a global model focusing on CFC-11

Laube, J. C., Elvidge, E. C. L., Adcock, K. E., Baier, B., Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M., Chen, H., et al. (2020). Investigating stratospheric changes between 2009 and 2018 with halogenated trace gas data from aircraft, AirCores, and a global model focusing on CFC-11. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 20(16), 9771-9782. doi:10.5194/acp-20-9771-2020.

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 Creators:
Laube, Johannes C.1, Author
Elvidge, Emma C. Leedham1, Author
Adcock, Karina E.1, Author
Baier, Bianca1, Author
Brenninkmeijer, Carl A. M.2, Author           
Chen, Huilin1, Author
Droste, Elise S.1, Author
Grooss, Jens-Uwe1, Author
Heikkinen, Pauli1, Author
Hind, Andrew J.1, Author
Kivi, Rigel1, Author
Lojko, Alexander1, Author
Montzka, Stephen A.1, Author
Oram, David E.1, Author
Randall, Steve1, Author
Rockmann, Thomas1, Author
Sturges, William T.1, Author
Sweeney, Colm1, Author
Thomas, Max1, Author
Tuffnell, Elinor1, Author
Ploeger, Felix1, Author more..
Affiliations:
1external, ou_persistent22              
2Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1826285              

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 Abstract: We present new observations of trace gases in the stratosphere based on a cost-effective sampling technique that can access much higher altitudes than aircraft. The further development of this method now provides detection of species with abundances in the parts per trillion (ppt) range and below. We obtain mixing ratios for six gases (CFC-11, CFC-12, HCFC-22, H-1211, H-1301, and SF6), all of which are important for understanding stratospheric ozone depletion and circulation. After demonstrating the quality of the data through comparisons with ground-based records and aircraft-based observations, we combine them with the latter to demonstrate its potential. We first compare the data with results from a global model driven by three widely used meteorological reanalyses. Secondly, we focus on CFC-11 as recent evidence has indicated renewed atmospheric emissions of that species relevant on a global scale. Because the stratosphere represents the main sink region for CFC-11, potential changes in stratospheric circulation and troposphere–stratosphere exchange fluxes have been identified as the largest source of uncertainty for the accurate quantification of such emissions. Our observations span over a decade (up until 2018) and therefore cover the period of the slowdown of CFC-11 global mixing ratio decreases measured at the Earth's surface. The spatial and temporal coverage of the observations is insufficient for a global quantitative analysis, but we do find some trends that are in contrast with expectations, indicating that the stratosphere may have contributed to the slower concentration decline in recent years. Further investigating the reanalysis-driven model data, we find that the dynamical changes in the stratosphere required to explain the apparent change in tropospheric CFC-11 emissions after 2013 are possible but with a very high uncertainty range. This is partly caused by the high variability of mass flux from the stratosphere to the troposphere, especially at timescales of a few years, and partly by large differences between runs driven by different reanalysis products, none of which agree with our observations well enough for such a quantitative analysis.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2020-08-20
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: -
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: -
 Identifiers: ISI: 000563076900003
DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-9771-2020
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Title: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
  Abbreviation : ACP
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Göttingen : Copernicus Publications
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 20 (16) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 9771 - 9782 Identifier: ISSN: 1680-7316
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/111030403014016