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  Is the mind inherently predicting? Exploring forward and backward looking in language processing

Onnis, L., Lim, A., Cheung, S., & Huettig, F. (2022). Is the mind inherently predicting? Exploring forward and backward looking in language processing. Cognitive Science, 46(10): e13201. doi:10.1111/cogs.13201.

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Cognitive Science - 2022 - Onnis - Is the Mind Inherently Predicting Exploring Forward and Backward Looking in Language.pdf (Publisher version), 3MB
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Cognitive Science - 2022 - Onnis - Is the Mind Inherently Predicting Exploring Forward and Backward Looking in Language.pdf
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This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivsLicense, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the useis non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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 Creators:
Onnis, Luca1, Author
Lim, Alfred2, Author
Cheung, Shirley3, Author
Huettig, Falk4, 5, Author           
Affiliations:
1University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, ou_persistent22              
2School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, ou_persistent22              
3Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, Missouri, USA, ou_persistent22              
4Psychology of Language Department, MPI for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Society, ou_792545              
5The Cultural Brain, MPI for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Society, ou_2579693              

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Free keywords: integration, language model, prediction, reading, sentence processing, surprisal
 Abstract: Prediction is one characteristic of the human mind. But what does it mean to say the mind is a ’prediction machine’ and inherently forward looking as is frequently claimed? In natural languages, many contexts are not easily predictable in a forward fashion. In English for example many frequent verbs do not carry unique meaning on their own, but instead rely on another word or words that follow them to become meaningful. Upon reading take a the processor often cannot easily predict walk as the next word. But the system can ‘look back’ and integrate walk more easily when it follows take a (e.g., as opposed to make|get|have a walk). In the present paper we provide further evidence for the importance of both forward and backward looking in language processing. In two self-paced reading tasks and an eye-tracking reading task, we found evidence that adult English native speakers’ sensitivity to word forward and backward conditional probability significantly explained variance in reading times over and above psycholinguistic predictors of reading latencies. We conclude that both forward and backward-looking (prediction and integration) appear to be important characteristics of language processing. Our results thus suggest that it makes just as much sense to call the mind an ’integration machine’ which is inherently backward looking.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2022-08-292022-10-14
 Publication Status: Published online
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 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1111/cogs.13201
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Title: Cognitive Science
  Other : Cognitive Science
Source Genre: Journal
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Pages: - Volume / Issue: 46 (10) Sequence Number: e13201 Start / End Page: - Identifier: ISSN: 1939-5078
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/1939-5078