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  Patents, Freedom to Operate, and Follow-on Innovation: Evidence from Post-Grant Opposition

Gaessler, F., Harhoff, D., Sorg, S., & Graevenitz, G. v. (2024). Patents, Freedom to Operate, and Follow-on Innovation: Evidence from Post-Grant Opposition. Management Science, forthcoming.

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Also published as: CRC TRR 190 Rationality and Competition Discussion Paper, No. 494
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Keine Angabe

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 Urheber:
Gaessler, Fabian1, Autor           
Harhoff, Dietmar1, Autor           
Sorg, Stefan1, Autor           
Graevenitz, Georg von 2, Autor
Affiliations:
1MPI for Innovation and Competition, Max Planck Society, ou_2035292              
2External Organizations, ou_persistent22              

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Schlagwörter: follow-on innovation, freedom to operate, licensing, patents, opposition
 Zusammenfassung: We study the blocking effect of patents on follow-on innovation by others. We posit that follow-on innovation requires freedom to operate (FTO), which firms typically obtain through a license from the patentee holding the original innovation. Where licensing fails, follow-on innovation is blocked unless
firms gain FTO through patent invalidation. Using large-scale data from post-grant oppositions at the European Patent Office, we find that patent invalidation increases follow-on innovation, measured in citations, by 16% on average. This effect exhibits a U-shape in the value of the original innovation.
For patents on low-value original innovations, invalidation predominantly increases low-value follow-on innovation outside the patentee’s product market. Here, transaction costs likely exceed the joint surplus of licensing, causing licensing failure. In contrast, for patents on high-value original innovations,
invalidation mainly increases high-value follow-on innovation in the patentee’s product market. We attribute this latter result to rent dissipation, which renders patentees unwilling to license out valuable technologies to (potential) competitors.

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Sprache(n): eng - English
 Datum: 2024
 Publikationsstatus: Erschienen
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 Ort, Verlag, Ausgabe: -
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Titel: Management Science
Genre der Quelle: Zeitschrift
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Ort, Verlag, Ausgabe: -
Seiten: - Band / Heft: - Artikelnummer: - Start- / Endseite: forthcoming Identifikator: ZDB: 206345-1
ISSN: 0025-1909
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954921352320