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Abstract

After a historical introduction to Poisson's equation in Newtonian gravity, we review its analog for static gravitational fields in Einstein's theory. The source of the potential, which we call the active mass density, comprises not only all possible sources of energy, but also the pressure term 3P/c2. In the Hamburg seminar on relativity in the 1950s we discussed whether this term due to Fermi pressure in different atomic nuclei could be detected in Cavendish-type experiments. Our reasoning contained an instructive mistake that we are now able to resolve. We conclude that this term should not lead to discrepancies for different materials in a Cavendish-type experiment, although it is important in the early universe and collapsing stellar cores.