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Journal Article

A polymorphic enhancer near GREM1 influences bowel cancer risk through diifferential CDX2 and TCF7L2 binding

MPS-Authors
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Becker,  Martin
Language and Genetics Department, MPI for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Society;
International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences, MPI for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Society;

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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124714005890#appd002
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Lewis_etal_Cellreports_2014.pdf
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Citation

Lewis, A., Freeman-Mills, L., de la Calle-Mustienes, E., Giráldez-Pérez, R. M., Davis, H., Jaeger, E., et al. (2014). A polymorphic enhancer near GREM1 influences bowel cancer risk through diifferential CDX2 and TCF7L2 binding. Cell Reports, 8(4), Pages 983-990. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.020.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0023-BFB1-F
Abstract
A rare germline duplication upstream of the bone morphogenetic protein antagonist GREM1 causes a Mendelian-dominant predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC). The underlying disease mechanism is strong, ectopic GREM1 overexpression in the intestinal epithelium. Here, we confirm that a common GREM1 polymorphism, rs16969681, is also associated with CRC susceptibility, conferring ∼20% differential risk in the general population. We hypothesized the underlying cause to be moderate differences in GREM1 expression. We showed that rs16969681 lies in a region of active chromatin with allele- and tissue-specific enhancer activity. The CRC high-risk allele was associated with stronger gene expression, and higher Grem1 mRNA levels increased the intestinal tumor burden in ApcMin mice. The intestine-specific transcription factor CDX2 and Wnt effector TCF7L2 bound near rs16969681, with significantly higher affinity for the risk allele, and CDX2 overexpression in CDX2/GREM1-negative cells caused re-expression of GREM1. rs16969681 influences CRC risk through effects on Wnt-driven GREM1 expression in colorectal tumors.