Item

Abstract

The resource theory of thermal operations explains the state transformations that are possible ina very specific thermodynamic setting: there is only one thermal bath, auxiliary systems can onlybe in the corresponding thermal state (free states), and the interaction must commute with the freeHamiltonian (free operation). In this paper we study the mildest deviation: the reservoir particlesare subject to inhomogeneities, either in the local temperature (introducing resource states) or inthe local Hamiltonian (generating a resource operation). For small inhomogeneities, the two modelsgenerate the same channel and thus the same state transformations. However, their thermodynamicsis significantly different when it comes to work generation or to the interpretation of the “secondlaws of thermal operations”.