Bright $γ$-ray flares observed in GRB131108A

Ajello, M.; Arimoto, M.; Asano, K.; Axelsson, M.; Baldini, L.; Barbiellini, G.; Bastieri, D.; Bellazzini, R.; Berretta, A.; Bissaldi, E.; Blandford, R.D.; Bonino, R.; Bottacini, E.; Bregeon, J.; Bruel, P.; Buehler, R.; Buson, S.; Cameron, R.A.; Caputo, R.; Caraveo, P.A.; Cavazzuti, E.; Chen, S.; Chiaro, G.; Ciprini, S.; Costantin, D.; Cutini, S.; D'Ammando, F.; de la Torre Luque, P.; de Palma, F.; Di Lalla, N.; Di Venere, L.; Fana Dirirsa, F.; Fegan, S.J.; Franckowiak, A.; Fukazawa, Y.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Gasparrini, D.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Giroletti, M.; Green, D.; Grenier, I.A.; Grondin, M.-H.; Guiriec, S.; Hays, E.; Horan, D.; J 'ohannesson, G.; Kocevski, D.; Kovac'evic', M.; Kuss, M.; Larsson, S.; Latronico, L.; Li, J.; Liodakis, I.; Longo, F.; Loparco, F.; Lovellette, M.N.; Lubrano, P.; Maldera, S.; Manfreda, A.; Mart 'i-Devesa, G.; Mazziotta, M.N.; McEnery, J.E.; Mereu, I.; Michelson, P.F.; Mizuno, T.; Monzani, M.E.; Moretti, E.; Morselli, A.; Moskalenko, I.V.; Negro, M.; Nuss, E.; Ohno, M.; Omodei, N.; Orienti, M.; Orlando, E.; Palatiello, M.; Paliya, V.S.; Paneque, D.; Pei, Z.; Persic, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Petrosian, V.; Piron, F.; Poon, H.; Porter, T.A.; Principe, G.; Racusin, J.L.; Rain `o, S.; Rando, R.; Rani, B.; Razzano, M.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Serini, D.; Sgr `o, C.; Siskind, E.J.; Spandre, G.; Spinelli, P.; Tajima, H.; Takagi, K.; Tak, D.; Torres, D.F.; Valverde, J.; Wood, K.; Yamazaki, R.; Yassine, M.; Zhu, S.; Uhm, Z.L.; Zhang, B.

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab564f

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Bright $γ$-ray flares observed in GRB131108A

MPS-Authors

Ajello, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Arimoto, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Asano, K.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Axelsson, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Baldini, L.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Barbiellini, G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bastieri, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bellazzini, R.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Berretta, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bissaldi, E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Blandford, R.D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bonino, R.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bottacini, E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bregeon, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bruel, P.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Buehler, R.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Buson, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Cameron, R.A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Caputo, R.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Caraveo, P.A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Cavazzuti, E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Chen, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Chiaro, G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Ciprini, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Costantin, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Cutini, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

D'Ammando, F.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

de la Torre Luque, P.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

de Palma, F.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Di Lalla, N.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Di Venere, L.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Fana Dirirsa, F.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Fegan, S.J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Franckowiak, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Fukazawa, Y.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Fusco, P.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Gargano, F.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Gasparrini, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Giglietto, N.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Giordano, F.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Giroletti, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Green, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Grenier, I.A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Grondin, M.-H.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Guiriec, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Hays, E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Horan, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

J 'ohannesson, G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Kocevski, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Kovac'evic', M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Kuss, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Larsson, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Latronico, L.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Li, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Liodakis, I.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Longo, F.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Loparco, F.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Lovellette, M.N.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Lubrano, P.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Maldera, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Manfreda, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Mart 'i-Devesa, G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Mazziotta, M.N.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

McEnery, J.E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Mereu, I.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Michelson, P.F.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Mizuno, T.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Monzani, M.E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Moretti, E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Morselli, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Moskalenko, I.V.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Negro, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Nuss, E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Ohno, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Omodei, N.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Orienti, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Orlando, E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Palatiello, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Paliya, V.S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Paneque, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Pei, Z.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Persic, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Pesce-Rollins, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Petrosian, V.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Piron, F.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Poon, H.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Porter, T.A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Principe, G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Racusin, J.L.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Rain `o, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Rando, R.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Rani, B.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Razzano, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Reimer, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Reimer, O.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Serini, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Sgr `o, C.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Siskind, E.J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Spandre, G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Spinelli, P.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Tajima, H.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Takagi, K.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Tak, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Torres, D.F.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Valverde, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Wood, K.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Yamazaki, R.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Yassine, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Zhu, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Uhm, Z.L.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Zhang, B.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

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Citation

Ajello, M., Arimoto, M., Asano, K., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., et al. (2019). Bright $γ$-ray flares observed in GRB131108A. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 886, 33. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab564f.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0005-D6BD-5

Abstract

GRB 131108A is a bright long Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) detected by the Large Area Telescope and the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor on board the \textit{Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope}. Dedicated temporal and spectral analyses reveal three $\gamma$-ray flares dominating above 100 MeV, which are not directly related to the prompt emission in the GBM band (10 keV--10 MeV). The high-energy light curve of GRB 131108A (100 MeV -- 10 GeV) shows an unusual evolution: a steep decay, followed by three flares with an underlying emission, and then a long-lasting decay phase. The detailed analysis of the $\gamma$-ray flares finds that the three flares are 6 -- 20 times brighter than the underlying emission and are similar to each other. The fluence of each flare, (1.6 $\sim$ 2.0) $\times$ 10$^{-6}$ erg cm$^{-2}$, is comparable to that of emission during the steep decay phase, 1.7 $\times$ 10$^{-6}$ erg cm$^{-2}$. The total fluence from three $\gamma$-ray flares is 5.3 $\times$ 10$^{-6}$ erg cm$^{-2}$. The three $\gamma$-ray flares show properties similar to the usual X-ray flares that are sharp flux increases, occurring in $\sim$ 50\% of afterglows, in some cases well after the prompt emission. Also, the temporal and spectral indices during the early steep decay phase and the decaying phase of each flare show the consistency with a relation of the curvature effect ($\hat{\alpha}$ = 2 + $\hat{\beta}$), which is the first observational evidence of the high-latitude emission in the GeV energy band.