A dynamic 6,000-year genetic history of Eurasia’s eastern steppe

Jeong, Choongwon; Wang, Ke; Wilkin, Shevan; Taylor, William Timothy Treal; Miller, Bryan Kristopher; Bemmann, Jan H.; Stahl, Raphaela; Chiovelli, Chelsea; Knolle, Florian; Ulziibayar, Sodnom; Khatanbaatar, Dorjpurev; Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav; Erdenebat, Ulambayar; Ochir, Ayudai; Ankhsanaa, Ganbold; Vanchigdash, Chuluunkhuu; Ochir, Battuga; Munkhbayar, Chuluunbat; Tumen, Dashzeveg; Kovalev, Alexey; Kradin, Nikolay; Bazarov, Bilikto A.; Miyagashev, Denis A.; Konovalov, Prokopiy B.; Zhambaltarova, Elena; Ventresca Miller, Alicia R.; Haak, Wolfgang; Schiffels, Stephan; Krause, Johannes; Boivin, Nicole L.; Erdene, Myagmar; Hendy, Jessica; Warinner, Christina G.

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.015

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A dynamic 6,000-year genetic history of Eurasia’s eastern steppe

MPS-Authors

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Jeong, Choongwon
Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons240076

Wang, Ke
Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons222995

Wilkin, Shevan
Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons204292

Taylor, William Timothy Treal
Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons244569

Miller, Bryan Kristopher
Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons246189

Stahl, Raphaela
Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons252869

Chiovelli, Chelsea
Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons220178

Knolle, Florian
Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons220893

Ventresca Miller, Alicia R.
Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons186115

Haak, Wolfgang
Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons188297

Schiffels, Stephan
Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons72801

Krause, Johannes
Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons188575

Boivin, Nicole L.
Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons205854

Hendy, Jessica
Kostbare Kulturen, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons221103

Warinner, Christina G.
Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Jeong, C., Wang, K., Wilkin, S., Taylor, W. T. T., Miller, B. K., Bemmann, J. H., et al. (2020). A dynamic 6,000-year genetic history of Eurasia’s eastern steppe. Cell, 183(4), 890-904.e29. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.015.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0007-77BF-D

Abstract

The Eastern Eurasian Steppe was home to historic empires of nomadic pastoralists, including the Xiongnu and the Mongols. However, little is known about the region’s population history. Here, we reveal its dynamic genetic history by analyzing new genome-wide data for 214 ancient individuals spanning 6,000 years. We identify a pastoralist expansion into Mongolia ca. 3000 BCE, and by the Late Bronze Age, Mongolian populations were biogeographically structured into three distinct groups, all practicing dairy pastoralism regardless of ancestry. The Xiongnu emerged from the mixing of these populations and those from surrounding regions. By comparison, the Mongols exhibit much higher eastern Eurasian ancestry, resembling present-day Mongolic-speaking populations. Our results illuminate the complex interplay between genetic, sociopolitical, and cultural changes on the Eastern Steppe.