Constraints on the cosmic expansion history from GWTC-3

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration; the Virgo Collaboration; the KAGRA Collaboration; Abbott, R.; Abe, H.; Acernese, F.; Ackley, K.; Adhikari, N.; Adhikari, R. X.; Adkins, V. K.; Adya, V. B.; Affeldt, C.; Agarwal, D.; Agathos, M.; Agatsuma, K.; Aggarwal, N.; Aguiar, O. D.; Aiello, L.; Ain, A.; Ajith, P.; Akutsu, T.; Albanesi, S.; Alfaidi, R. A.; Allocca, A.; Altin, P. A.; Amato, A.; Anand, C.; Anand, S.; Ananyeva, A.; Anderson, S. B.; Anderson, W. G.; Ando, M.; Andrade, T.; Andres, N.; Andrés-Carcasona, M.; Andrić, T.; Angelova, S. V.; Ansoldi, S.; Antelis, J. M.; Antier, S.; Apostolatos, T.; Appavuravther, E. Z.; Appert, S.; Apple, S. K.; Arai, K.; Araya, A.; Araya, M. C.; Areeda, J. S.; Arène, M.; Aritomi, N.; Arnaud, N.; Arogeti, M.; Aronson, S. M.; Arun, K. G.; Asada, H.; Asali, Y.; Ashton, G.; Aso, Y.; Assiduo, M.; Melo, S. Assis de Souza; Aston, S. M.; Astone, P.; Aubin, F.; AultONeal, K.; Austin, C.; Babak, S.; Badaracco, F.; Bader, M. K. M.; Badger, C.; Bae, S.; Bae, Y.; Baer, A. M.; Bagnasco, S.; Bai, Y.; Baird, J.; Bajpai, R.; Baka, T.; Ball, M.; Ballardin, G.; Ballmer, S. W.; Balsamo, A.; Baltus, G.; Banagiri, S.; Banerjee, B.; Bankar, D.; Barayoga, J. C.; Barbieri, R.; Barbieri, C.; Barish, B. C.; Barker, D.; Barneo, P.; Barone, F.; Barr, B.; Barsotti, L.; Barsuglia, M.; Barta, D.; Bartlett, J.; Barton, M. A.; Bartos, I.; Basak, S.; Bassiri, R.; Basti, A.; Bawaj, M.; Bayley, J. C.; Bazzan, M.; Becher, B. R.; Bécsy, B.; Bedakihale, V. M.; Beirnaert, F.; Bejger, M.; Belahcene, I.; Benedetto, V.; Beniwal, D.; Benjamin, M. G.; Bennett, T. F.; Bentley, J. D.; BenYaala, M.; Bera, S.; Berbel, M.; Bergamin, F.; Berger, B. K.; Bernuzzi, S.; Berry, C. P. L.; Bersanetti, D.; Bertolini, A.; Betzwieser, J.; Beveridge, D.; Bhandare, R.; Bhandari, A. V.; Bhardwaj, U.; Bhatt, R.; Bhattacharjee, D.; Bhaumik, S.; Bianchi, A.; Bilenko, I. A.; Billingsley, G.; Bini, S.; Birney, R.; Birnholtz, O.; Biscans, S.; Bischi, M.; Biscoveanu, S.; Bisht, A.; Biswas, B.; Bitossi, M.; Bizouard, M. -A.; Blackburn, J. K.; Blair, C. D.; Blair, D. G.; Blair, R. M.; Bobba, F.; Bode, N.; Boër, M.; Bogaert, G.; Boldrini, M.; Bolingbroke, G. N.; Bonavena, L. D.; Bondu, F.; Bonilla, E.; Bonnand, R.; Booker , P.; Boom, B. A.; Bork, R.; Boschi, V.; Bose, N.; Bose, S.; Bossilkov, V.; Boudart, V.; Bouffanais, Y.; Bozzi, A.; Bradaschia, C.; Brady, P. R.; Bramley, A.; Branch, A.; Branchesi, M.; Brau, J. E.; Breschi, M.; Briant, T.; Briggs, J. H.; Brillet, A.; Brinkmann, M.; Brockill, P.; Brooks, A. F.; Brooks, J.; Brown, D. D.; Brunett, S.; Bruno, G.; Bruntz, R.; Bryant, J.; Bucci, F.; Bulik, T.; Bulten, H. J.; Buonanno, A.; Burtnyk, K.; Buscicchio, R.; Buskulic, D.; Buy, C.; Byer, R. L.; Davies, G. S. Cabourn; Cabras, G.; Cabrita, R.; Cadonati, L.; Caesar, M.; Cagnoli, G.; Cahillane, C.; Bustillo, J. Calderón; Callaghan, J. D.; Callister, T. A.; Calloni, E.; Cameron, J.; Camp, J. B.; Canepa, M.; Canevarolo, S.; Cannavacciuolo, M.; Cannon, K. C.; Cao, H.; Cao, Z.; Capocasa, E.; Capote, E.; Carapella, G.; Carbognani, F.; Carlassara, M.; Carlin, J. B.; Carney, M. F.; Carpinelli, M.; Carrillo, G.; Carullo, G.; Carver, T. L.; Diaz, J. Casanueva; Casentini, C.; Castaldi, G.; Caudill, S.; Cavaglià, M.; Cavalier, F.; Cavalieri, R.; Cella, G.; Cerdá-Durán, P.; Cesarini, E.; Chaibi, W.; Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka; Champion, E.; Chan, C. -H.; Chan, C.; Chan, C. L.; Chan, K.; Chan, M.; Chandra, K.; Chang, I. P.; Chanial, P.; Chao, S.; Chapman-Bird, C.; Charlton, P.; Chase, E. A.; Chassande-Mottin, E.; Chatterjee, C.; Chatterjee, Debarati; Chatterjee, Deep; Chaturvedi, M.; Chaty, S.; Chatziioannou, K.; Chen, C.; Chen, D.; Chen, H. Y.; Chen, J.; Chen, K.; Chen, X.; Chen, Y. -B.; Chen, Y. -R.; Chen, Z.; Cheng, H.; Cheong, C. K.; Cheung, H. Y.; Chia, H. Y.; Chiadini, F.; Chiang, C-Y.; Chiarini, G.; Chierici, R.; Chincarini, A.; Chiofalo, M. L.; Chiummo, A.; Choudhary, R. K.; Choudhary, S.; Christensen, N.; Chu, Q.; Chu, Y-K.; Chua, S. S. Y.; Chung, K. W.; Ciani, G.; Ciecielag, P.; Cieślar, M.; Cifaldi, M.; Ciobanu, A. A.; Ciolfi, R.; Cipriano, F.; Clara, F.; Clark, J. A.; Clearwater, P.; Clesse, S.; Cleva, F.; Coccia, E.; Codazzo, E.; Cohadon, P. -F.; Cohen, D. E.; Colleoni, M.; Collette, C. G.; Colombo, A.; Colpi, M.; Compton, C. M.; Constancio, M.; Conti, L.; Cooper, S. J.; Corban, P.; Corbitt, T. R.; Cordero-Carrión, I.; Corezzi, S.; Corley, K. R.; Cornish, N. J.; Corre, D.; Corsi, A.; Cortese, S.; Costa, C. A.; Cotesta, R.; Cottingham, R.; Coughlin, M. W.; Coulon, J. -P.; Countryman, S. T.; Cousins, B.; Couvares, P.; Coward, D. M.; Cowart, M. J.; Coyne, D. C.; Coyne, R.; Creighton, J. D. E.; Creighton, T. D.; Criswell, A. W.; Croquette, M.; Crowder, S. G.; Cudell, J. R.; Cullen, T. J.; Cumming, A.; Cummings, R.; Cunningham, L.; Cuoco, E.; Curyło, M.; Dabadie, P.; Canton, T. Dal; Dall'Osso, S.; Dálya, G.; Dana, A.; D'Angelo, B.; Danilishin, S.; D'Antonio, S.; Danzmann, K.; Darsow-Fromm, C.; Dasgupta, A.; Datrier, L. E. H.; Datta, Sayak; Datta, Sayantani; Dattilo, V.; Dave, I.; Davier, M.; Davis, D.; Davis, M. C.; Daw, E. J.; de Alarcón, P. F.; Dean, R.; DeBra, D.; Deenadayalan, M.; Degallaix, J.; De Laurentis, M.; Deléglise, S.; Del Favero, V.; De Lillo, F.; De Lillo, N.; Dell'Aquila, D.; Del Pozzo, W.; DeMarchi, L. M.; De Matteis, F.; D'Emilio, V.; Demos, N.; Dent, T.; Depasse, A.; De Pietri, R.; De Rosa, R.; De Rossi, C.; DeSalvo, R.; De Simone, R.; Dhurandhar, S.; Díaz, M. C.; Didio, N. A.; Dietrich, T.; Di Fiore, L.; Di Fronzo, C.; Di Giorgio, C.; Di Giovanni, F.; Di Giovanni, M.; Di Girolamo, T.; Di Lieto, A.; Di Michele, A.; Ding, B.; Di Pace, S.; Di Palma, I.; Di Renzo, F.; Divakarla, A. K.; Dmitriev, A.; Doctor, Z.; Donahue, L.; D'Onofrio, L.; Donovan, F.; Dooley, K. L.; Doravari, S.; Drago, M.; Driggers, J. C.; Drori, Y.; Ducoin, J. -G.; Dupej, P.; Dupletsa, U.; Durante, O.; D'Urso, D.; Duverne, P. -A.; Dwyer, S. E.; Eassa, C.; Easter, P. J.; Ebersold, M.; Eckhardt, T.; Eddolls, G.; Edelman, B.; Edo, T. B.; Edy, O.; Effler, A.; Eguchi, S.; Eichholz, J.; Eikenberry, S. S.; Eisenmann, M.; Eisenstein, R. A.; Ejlli, A.; Engelby, E.; Enomoto, Y.; Errico, L.; Essick, R. C.; Estellés, H.; Estevez, D.; Etienne, Z.; Etzel, T.; Evans, M.; Evans, T. M.; Evstafyeva, T.; Ewing, B. E.; Fabrizi, F.; Faedi, F.; Fafone, V.; Fair, H.; Fairhurst, S.; Fan, P. C.; Farah, A. M.; Farinon, S.; Farr, B.; Farr, W. M.; Fauchon-Jones, E. J.; Favaro, G.; Favata, M.; Fays, M.; Fazio, M.; Feicht, J.; Fejer, M. M.; Fenyvesi, E.; Ferguson, D. L.; Fernandez-Galiana, A.; Ferrante, I.; Ferreira, T. A.; Fidecaro, F.; Figura, P.; Fiori, A.; Fiori, I.; Fishbach, M.; Fisher, R. P.; Fittipaldi, R.; Fiumara, V.; Flaminio, R.; Floden, E.; Fong, H. K.; Font, J. A.; Fornal, B.; Forsyth, P. W. F.; Franke, A.; Frasca, S.; Frasconi, F.; Freed, J. P.; Frei, Z.; Freise, A.; Freitas, O.; Frey, R.; Fritschel, P.; Frolov, V. V.; Fronzé, G. G.; Fujii, Y.; Fujikawa, Y.; Fujimoto, Y.; Fulda, P.; Fyffe, M.; Gabbard, H. A.; Gadre, B.; Gair, J.; Gais, J.; Galaudage, S.; Gamba, R.; Ganapathy, D.; Ganguly, A.; Gao, D.; Gaonkar, S. G.; Garaventa, B.; Núñez, C. García; García-Quirós, C.; Garufi, F.; Gateley, B.; Gayathri, V.; Ge, G. -G.; Gemme, G.; Gennai, A.; George, J.; Gerberding, O.; Gergely, L.; Gewecke, P.; Ghonge, S.; Ghosh, A.; Ghosh, Archisman; Ghosh, Shaon; Ghosh, Shrobana; Ghosh, Tathagata; Giacomazzo, B.; Giacoppo, L.; Giaime, J. A.; Giardina, K. D.; Gibson, D. R.; Gier, C.; Giesler, M.; Giri, P.; Gissi, F.; Gkaitatzis, S.; Glanzer, J.; Gleckl, A. E.; Godwin, P.; Goetz, E.; Goetz, R.; Gohlke, N.; Golomb, J.; Goncharov, B.; González, G.; Gosselin, M.; Gouaty, R.; Gould, D. W.; Goyal, S.; Grace, B.; Grado, A.; Graham, V.; Granata, M.; Granata, V.; Grant, A.; Gras, S.; Grassia, P.; Gray, C.; Gray, R.; Greco, G.; Green, A. C.; Green, R.; Gretarsson, A. M.; Gretarsson, E. M.; Griffith, D.; Griffiths, W. L.; Griggs, H. L.; Grignani, G.; Grimaldi, A.; Grimes, E.; Grimm, S. J.; Grote, H.; Grunewald, S.; Gruning, P.; Gruson, A. S.; Guerra, D.; Guidi, G. M.; Guimaraes, A. R.; Guixé, G.; Gulati, H. K.; Gunny, A. M.; Guo, H. -K.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, Anchal; Gupta, Anuradha; Gupta, I. M.; Gupta, P.; Gupta, S. K.; Gustafson, R.; Guzman, F.; Ha, S.; Hadiputrawan, I. P. W.; Haegel, L.; Haino, S.; Halim, O.; Hall, E. D.; Hamilton, E. Z.; Hammond, G.; Han, W. -B.; Haney, M.; Hanks, J.; Hanna, C.; Hannam, M. D.; Hannuksela, O.; Hansen, H.; Hansen, T. J.; Hanson, J.; Harder, T.; Haris, K.; Harms, J.; Harry, G. M.; Harry, I. W.; Hartwig, D.; Hasegawa, K.; Haskell, B.; Haster, C. -J.; Hathaway, J. S.; Hattori, K.; Haughian, K.; Hayakawa, H.; Hayama, K.; Hayes, F. J.; Healy, J.; Heidmann, A.; Heidt, A.; Heintze, M. C.; Heinze, J.; Heinzel, J.; Heitmann, H.; Hellman, F.; Hello, P.; Helmling-Cornell, A. F.; Hemming, G.; Hendry, M.; Heng, I. S.; Hennes, E.; Hennig, J.; Hennig, M. H.; Henshaw, C.; Hernandez, A. G.; Vivanco, F. Hernandez; Heurs, M.; Hewitt, A. L.; Higginbotham, S.; Hild, S.; Hill, P.; Himemoto, Y.; Hines, A. S.; Hirata, N.; Hirose, C.; Ho, T-C.; Hochheim , S.; Hofman, D.; Hohmann, J. N.; Holcomb, D. G.; Holland, N. A.; Hollows, I. J.; Holmes, Z. J.; Holt, K.; Holz, D. E.; Hong, Q.; Hough, J.; Hourihane, S.; Howell, E. J.; Hoy, C. G.; Hoyland, D.; Hreibi, A.; Hsieh, B-H.; Hsieh, H-F.; Hsiung, C.; Hsu, Y.; Huang, H-Y.; Huang, P.; Huang, Y-C.; Huang, Y. -J.; Huang, Yiting; Huang, Yiwen; Hübner, M. T.; Huddart, A. D.; Hughey, B.; Hui, D. C. Y.; Hui, V.; Husa, S.; Huttner, S. H.; Huxford, R.; Huynh-Dinh, T.; Ide, S.; Idzkowski, B.; Iess, A.; Inayoshi, K.; Inoue, Y.; Iosif, P.; Isi, M.; Isleif, K.; Ito, K.; Itoh, Y.; Iyer, B. R.; JaberianHamedan, V.; Jacqmin, T.; Jacquet, P. -E.; Jadhav, S. J.; Jadhav, S. P.; Jain, T.; James, A. L.; Jan, A. Z.; Jani, K.; Janquart, J.; Janssens, K.; Janthalur, N. N.; Jaranowski, P.; Jariwala, D.; Jaume, R.; Jenkins, A. C.; Jenner, K.; Jeon, C.; Jia, W.; Jiang, J.; Jin, H. -B.; Johns, G. R.; Johnston, R.; Jones, A. W.; Jones, D. I.; Jones, P.; Jones, R.; Joshi, P.; Ju, L.; Jue, A.; Jung, P.; Jung, K.; Junker, J.; Juste, V.; Kaihotsu, K.; Kajita, T.; Kakizaki, M.; Kalaghatgi, C. V.; Kalogera, V.; Kamai, B.; Kamiizumi, M.; Kanda, N.; Kandhasamy, S.; Kang, G.; Kanner, J. B.; Kao, Y.; Kapadia, S. J.; Kapasi, D. P.; Karathanasis, C.; Karki, S.; Kashyap, R.; Kasprzack, M.; Kastaun, W.; Kato, T.; Katsanevas, S.; Katsavounidis, E.; Katzman, W.; Kaur, T.; Kawabe, K.; Kawaguchi, K.; Kéfélian, F.; Keitel, D.; Key, J. S.; Khadka, S.; Khalili, F. Y.; Khan, S.; Khanam, T.; Khazanov, E. A.; Khetan, N.; Khursheed, M.; Kijbunchoo, N.; Kim, A.; Kim, C.; Kim, J. C.; Kim, J.; Kim, K.; Kim, W. S.; Kim, Y. -M.; Kimball, C.; Kimura, N.; Kinley-Hanlon, M.; Kirchhoff, R.; Kissel, J. S.; Klimenko, S.; Klinger, T.; Knee, A. M.; Knowles, T. D.; Knust, N.; Knyazev, E.; Kobayashi, Y.; Koch, P.; Koekoek, G.; Kohri, K.; Kokeyama, K.; Koley, S.; Kolitsidou, P.; Kolstein, M.; Komori, K.; Kondrashov, V.; Kong, A. K. H.; Kontos, A.; Koper, N.; Korobko, M.; Kovalam, M.; Koyama, N.; Kozak, D. B.; Kozakai, C.; Kringel, V.; Krishnendu, N. V.; Królak, A.; Kuehn, G.; Kuei, F.; Kuijer, P.; Kulkarni, S.; Kumar, A.; Kumar, Prayush; Kumar, Rahul; Kumar, Rakesh; Kume, J.; Kuns, K.; Kuromiya, Y.; Kuroyanagi, S.; Kwak, K.; Lacaille, G.; Lagabbe, P.; Laghi, D.; Lalande, E.; Lalleman, M.; Lam, T. L.; Lamberts, A.; Landry, M.; Lane, B. B.; Lang, R. N.; Lange, J.; Lantz, B.; La Rosa, I.; Lartaux-Vollard, A.; Lasky, P. D.; Laxen, M.; Lazzarini, A.; Lazzaro, C.; Leaci, P.; Leavey, S.; LeBohec, S.; Lecoeuche, Y. K.; Lee, E.; Lee, H. M.; Lee, H. W.; Lee, K.; Lee, R.; Legred, I. N.; Lehmann, J.; Lemaître, A.; Lenti, M.; Leonardi, M.; Leonova, E.; Leroy, N.; Letendre, N.; Levesque, C.; Levin, Y.; Leviton, J. N.; Leyde, K.; Li, A. K. Y.; Li, B.; Li, J.; Li, K. L.; Li, P.; Li, T. G. F.; Li, X.; Lin, C-Y.; Lin, E. T.; Lin, F-K.; Lin, F-L.; Lin, H. L.; Lin, L. C. -C.; Linde, F.; Linker, S. D.; Linley, J. N.; Littenberg, T. B.; Liu, G. C.; Liu, J.; Liu, K.; Liu, X.; Llamas, F.; Lo, R. K. L.; Lo, T.; London, L. T.; Longo, A.; Lopez, D.; Portilla, M. Lopez; Lorenzini, M.; Loriette, V.; Lormand, M.; Losurdo, G.; Lott, T. P.; Lough, J.; Lousto, C. O.; Lovelace, G.; Lucaccioni, J. F.; Lück, H.; Lumaca, D.; Lundgren, A. P.; Luo, L. -W.; Lynam, J. E.; Ma'arif, M.; Macas, R.; Machtinger, J. B.; MacInnis, M.; Macleod, D. M.; MacMillan, I. A. O.; Macquet, A.; Hernandez, I. Magaña; Magazzù, C.; Magee, R. M.; Maggiore, R.; Magnozzi, M.; Mahesh, S.; Majorana, E.; Maksimovic, I.; Maliakal, S.; Malik, A.; Man, N.; Mandic, V.; Mangano, V.; Mansell, G. L.; Manske, M.; Mantovani, M.; Mapelli, M.; Marchesoni, F.; Pina, D. Marín; Marion, F.; Mark, Z.; Márka, S.; Márka, Z.; Markakis, C.; Markosyan, A. S.; Markowitz, A.; Maros, E.; Marquina, A.; Marsat, S.; Martelli, F.; Martin, I. W.; Martin, R. M.; Martinez, M.; Martinez, V. A.; Martinez, V.; Martinovic, K.; Martynov, D. V.; Marx, E. J.; Masalehdan, H.; Mason, K.; Massera, E.; Masserot, A.; Masso-Reid, M.; Mastrogiovanni, S.; Matas, A.; Mateu-Lucena, M.; Matichard, F.; Matiushechkina, M.; Mavalvala, N.; McCann, J. J.; McCarthy, R.; McClelland, D. E.; McClincy, P. K.; McCormick, S.; McCuller, L.; McGhee, G. I.; McGuire, S. C.; McIsaac, C.; McIver, J.; McRae, T.; McWilliams, S. T.; Meacher, D.; Mehmet, M.; Mehta, A. K.; Meijer, Q.; Melatos, A.; Melchor, D. A.; Mendell, G.; Menendez-Vazquez, A.; Menoni, C. S.; Mercer, R. A.; Mereni, L.; Merfeld, K.; Merilh, E. L.; Merritt, J. D.; Merzougui, M.; Meshkov, S.; Messenger, C.; Messick, C.; Meyers, P. M.; Meylahn, F.; Mhaske, A.; Miani, A.; Miao, H.; Michaloliakos, I.; Michel, C.; Michimura, Y.; Middleton, H.; Mihaylov, D.; Milano, L.; Miller, A. L.; Miller, A.; Miller, B.; Millhouse, M.; Mills, J. C.; Milotti, E.; Minenkov, Y.; Mio, N.; Mir, Ll. M.; Miravet-Tenés, M.; Mishkin, A.; Mishra, C.; Mishra, T.; Mistry, T.; Mitra, S.; Mitrofanov, V. P.; Mitselmakher, G.; Mittleman, R.; Miyakawa, O.; Miyo, K.; Miyoki, S.; Mo, Geoffrey; Modafferi, L. M.; Moguel, E.; Mogushi, K.; Mohapatra, S. R. P.; Mohite, S. R.; Molina, I.; Molina-Ruiz, M.; Mondin, M.; Montani, M.; S,; More,; Moore, C. J.; Moragues, J.; Moraru, D.; Morawski, F.; More, A.; Moreno, C.; Moreno, G.; Mori, Y.; Morisaki, S.; Morisue, N.; Moriwaki, Y.; Mours, B.; Mow-Lowry, C. M.; Mozzon, S.; Muciaccia, F.; Mukherjee, Arunava; Mukherjee, D.; Mukherjee, Soma; Mukherjee, Subroto; Mukherjee, Suvodip; Mukund, N.; Mullavey, A.; Munch, J.; Muñiz, E. A.; Murray, P. G.; Musenich, R.; Muusse, S.; Nadji, S. L.; Nagano, K.; Nagar, A.; Nakamura, K.; Nakano, H.; Nakano, M.; Nakayama, Y.; Napolano, V.; Nardecchia, I.; Narikawa, T.; Narola, H.; Naticchioni, L.; Nayak, B.; Nayak, R. K.; Neil, B. F.; Neilson, J.; Nelson, A.; Nelson, T. J. N.; Nery, M.; Neubauer, P.; Neunzert, A.; Ng, K. Y.; Ng, S. W. S.; Nguyen, C.; Nguyen, P.; Nguyen, T.; Quynh, L. Nguyen; Ni, J.; Ni, W. -T.; Nichols, S. A.; Nishimoto, T.; Nishizawa, A.; Nissanke, S.; Nitoglia, E.; Nocera, F.; Norman, M.; North, C.; Nozaki, S.; Nurbek, G.; Nuttall, L. K.; Obayashi, Y.; Oberling, J.; O'Brien, B. D.; O'Dell, J.; Oelker, E.; Ogaki, W.; Oganesyan, G.; Oh, J. J.; Oh, K.; Oh, S. H.; Ohashi, M.; Ohashi, T.; Ohkawa, M.; Ohme, F.; Ohta, H.; Okada, M. 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A.; Regimbau, T.; Rei, L.; Reid, S.; Reid, S. W.; Reitze, D. H.; Relton, P.; Renzini, A.; Rettegno, P.; Revenu, B.; Reza, A.; Rezac, M.; Ricci, F.; Richards, D.; Richardson, J. W.; Richardson, L.; Riemenschneider, G.; Riles, K.; Rinaldi, S.; Rink, K.; Robertson, N. A.; Robie, R.; Robinet, F.; Rocchi, A.; Rodriguez, S.; Rolland, L.; Rollins, J. G.; Romanelli, M.; Romano, R.; Romel, C. L.; Romero, A.; Romero-Shaw, I. M.; Romie, J. H.; Ronchini, S.; Rosa, L.; Rose, C. A.; Rosińska, D.; Ross, M. P.; Rowan, S.; Rowlinson, S. J.; Roy, S.; Roy, Santosh; Roy, Soumen; Rozza, D.; Ruggi, P.; Ruiz-Rocha, K.; Ryan, K.; Sachdev, S.; Sadecki, T.; Sadiq, J.; Saha, S.; Saito, Y.; Sakai, K.; Sakellariadou, M.; Sakon, S.; Salafia, O. S.; Salces-Carcoba, F.; Salconi, L.; Saleem, M.; Salemi, F.; Samajdar, A.; Sanchez, E. J.; Sanchez, J. H.; Sanchez, L. E.; Sanchis-Gual, N.; Sanders, J. R.; Sanuy, A.; Saravanan, T. R.; Sarin, N.; Sassolas, B.; Satari, H.; Sathyaprakash, B. S.; Sauter, O.; Savage, R. 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E.; Zweizig, J.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac74bb

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Constraints on the cosmic expansion history from GWTC-3

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/persons/resource/persons40422

Affeldt, C.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231038

Barbieri, R.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231077

Bergamin, F.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons226605

Bisht, A.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206562

Bode, N.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

Booker , P.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons40432

Brinkmann, M.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons127862

Buonanno, A.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons267626

Carlassara, M.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons226619

Cotesta, R.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons40437

Danzmann, K.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons192099

Dietrich, T.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231042

Gadre, B.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons238174

Gair, J.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231044

Ghosh, A.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231089

Gohlke, N.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons20658

Grunewald, S.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231097

Heidt, A.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231099

Heinze, J.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons4315

Heurs, M.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

Hochheim , S.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons255675

Hreibi, A.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons202939

Junker, J.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons216263

Kastaun, W.
Binary Merger Observations and Numerical Relativity, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206583

Kirchhoff, R.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231111

Knust, N.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206585

Koch, P.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons230636

Koper, N.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons40468

Kringel, V.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons1458

Kuehn, G.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons226610

Leavey, S.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206589

Lehmann, J.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206591

Lough, J.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons40475

Lück, H.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons228204

Matas, A.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231135

Matiushechkina, M.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons40477

Mehmet, M.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons252872

Mehta, A. K.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231141

Meylahn, F.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons252874

Mihaylov, D.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231145

Mukund, N.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231127

Nadji, S. L.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206610

Nery, M.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons4364

Ohme, F.
Binary Merger Observations and Numerical Relativity, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons192111

Ossokine, S.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons213835

Pfeiffer, H. P.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons252878

Prudenzi, L.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons192115

Pürrer, M.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons252359

Ramos-Buades, A.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

Schneewind , M.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206604

Schulte, B.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons20673

Schutz, B. F.
Astrophysical Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons226613

Setyawati, Y. E.
Binary Merger Observations and Numerical Relativity, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons266548

Varma, V.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231186

Venneberg, J.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231190

Wrangel, J. v.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons40509

Weinert, M.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons226615

Wellmann, F.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

Weßels, P.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons216226

Wilken, D.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons40511

Willke, B.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

Wlodarczyk , T.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206612

Woehler, J.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206614

Wu, D.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abbott, R., Abe, H., Acernese, F., et al. (2024). Constraints on the cosmic expansion history from GWTC-3. The Astrophysical Journal, 949(2): 76. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac74bb.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0009-8C37-C

Abstract

We use 47 gravitational-wave sources from the Third LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA
Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-3) to estimate the Hubble parameter
$H(z)$, including its current value, the Hubble constant $H_0$. Each
gravitational-wave (GW) signal provides the luminosity distance to the source
and we estimate the corresponding redshift using two methods: the redshifted
masses and a galaxy catalog. Using the binary black hole (BBH) redshifted
masses, we simultaneously infer the source mass distribution and $H(z)$. The
source mass distribution displays a peak around $34\, {\rm M_\odot}$, followed
by a drop-off. Assuming this mass scale does not evolve with redshift results
in a $H(z)$ measurement, yielding $H_0=68^{+12}_{-7} {\rm
km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}}$ ($68\%$ credible interval) when combined with the $H_0$
measurement from GW170817 and its electromagnetic counterpart. This represents
an improvement of 17% with respect to the $H_0$ estimate from GWTC-1. The
second method associates each GW event with its probable host galaxy in the
catalog GLADE+, statistically marginalizing over the redshifts of each event's
potential hosts. Assuming a fixed BBH population, we estimate a value of
$H_0=68^{+8}_{-6} {\rm km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}}$ with the galaxy catalog method,
an improvement of 42% with respect to our GWTC-1 result and 20% with respect to
recent $H_0$ studies using GWTC-2 events. However, we show that this result is
strongly impacted by assumptions about the BBH source mass distribution; the
only event which is not strongly impacted by such assumptions (and is thus
informative about $H_0$) is the well-localized event GW190814.