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Journal Article

Evolution and diversity of TGF-β pathways are linked with novel developmental and behavioural traits

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Roca,  Marianne       
Max Planck Research Group Genetics of Behavior, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior – caesar, Max Planck Society;

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Lightfoot,  James W       
Max Planck Research Group Genetics of Behavior, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior – caesar, Max Planck Society;

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msac252.pdf
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Citation

Lo, W.-S., Roca, M., Dardiry, M., Mackie, M., Eberhardt, G., Witte, H., et al. (2022). Evolution and diversity of TGF-β pathways are linked with novel developmental and behavioural traits. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 39(12): msac252. doi:10.1093/molbev/msac252.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000B-C6DE-C
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signalling is essential for numerous biological functions. It is a highly conserved pathway found in all metazoans including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which has also been pivotal in identifying many components. Utilising a comparative evolutionary approach, we explored TGF-β signalling in nine nematode species and revealed striking variability in TGF-β gene frequency across the lineage. Of the species analysed, gene duplications in the DAF-7 pathway appear common with the greatest disparity observed in Pristionchus pacificus. Specifically, multiple paralogues of daf-3, daf-4 and daf-7 were detected. To investigate this additional diversity, we induced mutations in 22 TGF-β components and generated corresponding double, triple and quadruple mutants revealing both conservation and diversification in function. Although, the DBL-1 pathway regulating body morphology appears highly conserved, the DAF-7 pathway exhibits functional divergence, notably in some aspects of dauer formation. Furthermore, the formation of the phenotypically plastic mouth in P. pacificus is partially influenced through TGF-β with the strongest effect in Ppa-tag-68. This appears important for numerous processes in P. pacificus but has no known function in C. elegans. Finally, we observe behavioural differences in TGF-β mutants including in chemosensation and the establishment of the P. pacificus kin-recognition signal. Thus, TGF-β signalling in nematodes represents a stochastic genetic network capable of generating novel functions through the duplication and deletion of associated genes.