Diving below the spin-down limit: Constraints on gravitational waves from the 
energetic young pulsar PSR J0537-6910

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration; The Virgo Collaboration; The KAGRA Collaboration; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.; Abraham, S.; Acernese, F.; Ackley, K.; Adams, A.; Adams, C.; Adhikari, R. X.; Adya, V. B.; Affeldt, C.; Agarwal, D.; Agathos, M.; Agatsuma, K.; Aggarwal, N.; Aguiar, O. D.; Aiello, L.; Ain, A.; Ajith, P.; Akutsu, T.; Aleman, K. M.; Allen, G.; Allocca, A.; Altin, P. A.; Amato, A.; Anand, S.; Ananyeva, A.; Anderson, S. B.; Anderson, W. G.; Ando, M.; Angelova, S. V.; Ansoldi, S.; Antelis, J. M.; Antier, S.; Appert, S.; Arai, Koya; Arai, Koji; Arai, Y.; Araki, S.; Araya, A.; Araya, M. C.; Areeda, J. S.; Arène, M.; Aritomi, N.; Arnaud, N.; Aronson, S. M.; Arun, K. G.; Asada, H.; Asali, Y.; Ashton, G.; Aso, Y.; Aston, S. M.; Astone, P.; Aubin, F.; Aufmuth, P.; AultONeal, K.; Austin, C.; Babak, S.; Badaracco, F.; Bader, M. K. M.; Bae, S.; Bae, Y.; Baer, A. M.; Bagnasco, S.; Bai, Y.; Baiotti, L.; Baird, J.; Bajpai, R.; Ball, M.; Ballardin, G.; Ballmer, S. W.; Bals, M.; Balsamo, A.; Baltus, G.; Banagiri, S.; Bankar, D.; Bankar, R. S.; Barayoga, J. C.; Barbieri, C.; Barish, B. C.; Barker, D.; Barneo, P.; Barnum, S.; Barone, F.; Barr, B.; Barsotti, L.; Barsuglia, M.; Barta, D.; Bartlett, J.; Barton, M. A.; Bartos, I.; Bassiri, R.; Basti, A.; Bawaj, M.; Bayley, J. C.; Baylor, A. C.; Bazzan, M.; Bécsy, B.; Bedakihale, V. M.; Bejger, M.; Belahcene, I.; Benedetto, V.; Beniwal, D.; Benjamin, M. G.; Bennett, T. F.; Bentley, J. D.; BenYaala, M.; Bergamin, F.; Berger, B. K.; Bernuzzi, S.; Bersanetti, D.; Bertolini, A.; Betzwieser, J.; Bhandare, R.; Bhandari, A. V.; Bhattacharjee, D.; Bhaumik, S.; Bidler, J.; Bilenko, I. A.; Billingsley, G.; Birney, R.; Birnholtz, O.; Biscans, S.; Bischi, M.; Biscoveanu, S.; Bisht, A.; Biswas, B.; Bitossi, M.; Bizouard, M. -A.; Blackburn, J. K.; Blackman, J.; Blair, C. D.; Blair, D. G.; Blair, R. M.; Bobba, F.; Bode, N.; Boer, M.; Bogaert, G.; Boldrini, M.; Bondu, F.; Bonilla, E.; Bonnand, R.; Booker , P.; Boom, B. A.; Bork, R.; Boschi, V.; Bose, N.; Bose, S.; Bossilkov, V.; Boudart, V.; Bouffanais, Y.; Bozzi, A.; Bradaschia, C.; Brady, P. R.; Bramley, A.; Branch, A.; Branchesi, M.; Breschi, M.; Briant, T.; Briggs, J. H.; Brillet, A.; Brinkmann, M.; Brockill, P.; Brooks, A. F.; Brooks, J.; Brown, D. D.; Brunett, S.; Bruno, G.; Bruntz, R.; Bryant, J.; Buikema, A.; Bulik, T.; Bulten, H. J.; Buonanno, A.; Buscicchio, R.; Buskulic, D.; Cadonati, L.; Caesar, M.; Cagnoli, G.; Cahillane, C.; Cain, H. W.; Bustillo, J. Calderón; Callaghan, J. D.; Callister, T. A.; Calloni, E.; Camp, J. B.; Canepa, M.; Cannavacciuolo, M.; Cannon, K. C.; Cao, H.; Cao, J.; Cao, Z.; Capocasa, E.; Capote, E.; Carapella, G.; Carbognani, F.; Carlin, J. B.; Carney, M. F.; Carpinelli, M.; Carullo, G.; Carver, T. L.; Diaz, J. Casanueva; Casentini, C.; Castaldi, G.; Caudill, S.; Cavaglià, M.; Cavalier, F.; Cavalieri, R.; Cella, G.; Cerdá-Durán, P.; Cesarini, E.; Chaibi, W.; Chakravarti, K.; Champion, B.; Chan, C. -H.; Chan, C.; Chan, C. L.; Chan, M.; Chandra, K.; Chanial, P.; Chao, S.; Charlton, P.; Chase, E. A.; Chassande-Mottin, E.; Chatterjee, D.; Chaturvedi, M.; Chatziioannou, K.; Chen, A.; Chen, C.; Chen, H. Y.; Chen, J.; Chen, K.; Chen, X.; Chen, Y. -B.; Chen, Y. -R.; Chen, Z.; Cheng, H.; Cheong, C. K.; Cheung, H. Y.; Chia, H. Y.; Chiadini, F.; Chiang, C-Y.; Chierici, R.; Chincarini, A.; Chiofalo, M. L.; Chiummo, A.; Cho, G.; Cho, H. S.; Choate, S.; Choudhary, R. K.; Choudhary, S.; Christensen, N.; Chu, H.; Chu, Q.; Chu, Y-K.; Chua, S.; Chung, K. W.; Ciani, G.; Ciecielag, P.; Cieślar, M.; Cifaldi, M.; Ciobanu, A. A.; Ciolfi, R.; Cipriano, F.; Cirone, A.; Clara, F.; Clark, E. N.; Clark, J. A.; Clarke, L.; Clearwater, P.; Clesse, S.; Cleva, F.; Coccia, E.; Cohadon, P. -F.; Cohen, D. E.; Cohen, L.; Colleoni, M.; Collette, C. G.; Colpi, M.; Compton, C. M.; Constancio, M.; Conti, L.; Cooper, S. J.; Corban, P.; Corbitt, T. R.; Cordero-Carrión, I.; Corezzi, S.; Corley, K. R.; Cornish, N.; Corre, D.; Corsi, A.; Cortese, S.; Costa, C. A.; Cotesta, R.; Coughlin, M. W.; Coughlin, S. B.; Coulon, J. -P.; Countryman, S. T.; Cousins, B.; Couvares, P.; Covas, P. B.; Coward, D. M.; Cowart, M. J.; Coyne, D. C.; Coyne, R.; Creighton, J. D. E.; Creighton, T. D.; Criswell, A. W.; Croquette, M.; Crowder, S. G.; Cudell, J. R.; Cullen, T. J.; Cumming, A.; Cummings, R.; Cuoco, E.; Curyło, M.; Dal Canton, T.; Dálya, G.; Dana, A.; DaneshgaranBajastani, L. M.; D'Angelo, B.; Danilishin, S. L.; D'Antonio, S.; Danzmann, K.; Darsow-Fromm, C.; Dasgupta, A.; Datrier, L. E. H.; Dattilo, V.; Dave, I.; Davier, M.; Davies, G. S.; Davis, D.; Daw, E. J.; Dean, R.; Deenadayalan, M.; Degallaix, J.; De Laurentis, M.; Deléglise, S.; Del Favero, V.; De Lillo, F.; De Lillo, N.; Del Pozzo, W.; DeMarchi, L. M.; De Matteis, F.; D'Emilio, V.; Demos, N.; Dent, T.; Depasse, A.; De Pietri, R.; De Rosa, R.; De Rossi, C.; DeSalvo, R.; De Simone, R.; Dhurandhar, S.; Díaz, M. C.; Diaz-Ortiz, M.; Didio, N. A.; Dietrich, T.; Di Fiore, L.; Di Fronzo, C.; Di Giorgio, C.; Di Giovanni, F.; Di Girolamo, T.; Di Lieto, A.; Ding, B.; Di Pace, S.; Di Palma, I.; Di Renzo, F.; Divakarla, A. K.; Dmitriev, A.; Doctor, Z.; D'Onofrio, L.; Donovan, F.; Dooley, K. L.; Doravari, S.; Dorrington, I.; Drago, M.; Driggers, J. C.; Drori, Y.; Du, Z.; Ducoin, J. -G.; Dupej, P.; Durante, O.; D'Urso, D.; Duverne, P. -A.; Dwyer, S. E.; Easter, P. J.; Ebersold, M.; Eddolls, G.; Edelman, B.; Edo, T. B.; Edy, O.; Effler, A.; Eguchi, S.; Eichholz, J.; Eikenberry, S. S.; Eisenmann, M.; Eisenstein, R. A.; Ejlli, A.; Enomoto, Y.; Errico, L.; Essick, R. C.; Estellés, H.; Estevez, D.; Etienne, Z.; Etzel, T.; Evans, M.; Evans, T. M.; Ewing, B. E.; Fafone, V.; Fair, H.; Fairhurst, S.; Fan, X.; Farah, A. M.; Farinon, S.; Farr, B.; Farr, W. M.; Farrow, N. W.; Fauchon-Jones, E. J.; Favata, M.; Fays, M.; Fazio, M.; Feicht, J.; Fejer, M. M.; Feng, F.; Fenyvesi, E.; Ferguson, D. L.; Fernandez-Galiana, A.; Ferrante, I.; Ferreira, T. A.; Fidecaro, F.; Figura, P.; Fiori, I.; Fishbach, M.; Fisher, R. P.; Fishner, J. M.; Fittipaldi, R.; Fiumara, V.; Flaminio, R.; Floden, E.; Flynn, E.; Fong, H.; Font, J. A.; Fornal, B.; Forsyth, P. W. F.; Franke, A.; Frasca, S.; Frasconi, F.; Frederick, C.; Frei, Z.; Freise, A.; Frey, R.; Fritschel, P.; Frolov, V. V.; Fronzé, G. G.; Fujii, Y.; Fujikawa, Y.; Fukunaga, M.; Fukushima, M.; Fulda, P.; Fyffe, M.; Gabbard, H. A.; Gadre, B.; Gaebel, S. M.; Gair, J.; Gais, J.; Galaudage, S.; Gamba, R.; Ganapathy, D.; Ganguly, A.; Gao, D.; Gaonkar, S. G.; Garaventa, B.; García-Núñez, C.; García-Quirós, C.; Garufi, F.; Gateley, B.; Gaudio, S.; Gayathri, V.; Ge, G.; Gemme, G.; Gennai, A.; George, J.; Gergely, L.; Gewecke, P.; Ghonge, S.; Ghosh, A.; Ghosh, Archisman; Ghosh, Shaon; Ghosh, Shrobana; Ghosh, Sourath; Giacomazzo, B.; Giacoppo, L.; Giaime, J. A.; Giardina, K. D.; Gibson, D. R.; Gier, C.; Giesler, M.; Giri, P.; Gissi, F.; Glanzer, J.; Gleckl, A. E.; Godwin, P.; Goetz, E.; Goetz, R.; Gohlke, N.; Goncharov, B.; González, G.; Gopakumar, A.; Gosselin, M.; Gouaty, R.; Grace, B.; Grado, A.; Granata, M.; Granata, V.; Grant, A.; Gras, S.; Grassia, P.; Gray, C.; Gray, R.; Greco, G.; Green, A. C.; Green, R.; Gretarsson, A. M.; Gretarsson, E. M.; Griffith, D.; Griffiths, W.; Griggs, H. L.; Grignani, G.; Grimaldi, A.; Grimes, E.; Grimm, S. J.; Grote, H.; Grunewald, S.; Gruning, P.; Guerrero, J. G.; Guidi, G. M.; Guimaraes, A. R.; Guixé, G.; Gulati, H. K.; Guo, H. -K.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, Anchal; Gupta, Anuradha; Gupta, P.; Gustafson, E. K.; Gustafson, R.; Guzman, F.; Ha, S.; Haegel, L.; Hagiwara, A.; Haino, S.; Halim, O.; Hall, E. D.; Hamilton, E. Z.; Hammond, G.; Han, W. -B.; Haney, M.; Hanks, J.; Hanna, C.; Hannam, M. D.; Hannuksela, O. A.; Hansen, H.; Hansen, T. J.; Hanson, J.; Harder, T.; Hardwick, T.; Haris, K.; Harms, J.; Harry, G. M.; Harry, I. W.; Hartwig, D.; Hasegawa, K.; Haskell, B.; Hasskew, R. K.; Haster, C. -J.; Hattori, K.; Haughian, K.; Hayakawa, H.; Hayama, K.; Hayes, F. J.; Healy, J.; Heidmann, A.; Heintze, M. C.; Heinze, J.; Heinzel, J.; Heitmann, H.; Hellman, F.; Hello, P.; Helmling-Cornell, A. F.; Hemming, G.; Hendry, M.; Heng, I. S.; Hennes, E.; Hennig, J.-S.; Hennig , M. H.; Vivanco, F. Hernandez; Heurs, M.; Hild, S.; Hill, P.; Himemoto, Y.; Hines, A. S.; Hiranuma, Y.; Hirata, N.; Hirose, E.; Ho, W. C. G.; Hochheim , S.; Hofman, D.; Hohmann, J. N.; Holgado, A. M.; Holland, N. A.; Hollows, I. J.; Holmes, Z. J.; Holt, K.; Holz, D. E.; Hong, Z.; Hopkins, P.; Hough, J.; Howell, E. J.; Hoy, C. G.; Hoyland, D.; Hreibi, A.; Hsieh, B.; Hsu, Y.; Huang, G-Z.; Huang, H-Y.; Huang, P.; Huang, Y-C.; Huang, Y. -J.; Huang, Y. -W.; Hübner, M. T.; Huddart, A. D.; Huerta, E. A.; Hughey, B.; Hui, D. C. Y.; Hui, V.; Husa, S.; Huttner, S. H.; Huxford, R.; Huynh-Dinh, T.; Ide, S.; Idzkowski, B.; Iess, A.; Ikenoue, B.; Imam, S.; Inayoshi, K.; Inchauspe, H.; Ingram, C.; Inoue, Y.; Intini, G.; Ioka, K.; Isi, M.; Isleif, K.; Ito, K.; Itoh, Y.; Iyer, B. R.; Izumi, K.; JaberianHamedan, V.; Jacqmin, T.; Jadhav, S. J.; Jadhav, S. P.; James, A. L.; Jan, A. Z.; Jani, K.; Janssens, K.; Janthalur, N. N.; Jaranowski, P.; Jariwala, D.; Jaume, R.; Jenkins, A. C.; Jeon, C.; Jeunon, M.; Jia, W.; Jiang, J.; Jin, H. -B.; Johns, G. R.; Jones, A. W.; Jones, D. I.; Jones, J. D.; Jones, P.; Jones, R.; Jonker, R. J. G.; Ju, L.; Jung, K.; Jung, P.; Junker, J.; Kaihotsu, K.; Kajita, T.; Kakizaki, M.; Kalaghatgi, C. V.; Kalogera, V.; Kamai, B.; Kamiizumi, M.; Kanda, N.; Kandhasamy, S.; Kang, G.; Kanner, J. B.; Kao, Y.; Kapadia, S. J.; Kapasi, D. P.; Karathanasis, C.; Karki, S.; Kashyap, R.; Kasprzack, M.; Kastaun, W.; Katsanevas, S.; Katsavounidis, E.; Katzman, W.; Kaur, T.; Kawabe, K.; Kawaguchi, K.; Kawai, N.; Kawasaki, T.; Kéfélian, F.; Keitel, D.; Key, J. S.; Khadka, S.; Khalili, F. Y.; Khan, I.; Khan, S.; Khazanov, E. A.; Khetan, N.; Khursheed, M.; Kijbunchoo, N.; Kim, C.; Kim, J. C.; Kim, J.; Kim, K.; Kim, W. S.; Kim, Y. -M.; Kimball, C.; Kimura, N.; King, P. J.; Kinley-Hanlon, M.; Kirchhoff, R.; Kissel, J. S.; Kita, N.; Kitazawa, H.; Kleybolte, L.; Klimenko, S.; Knee, A. M.; Knowles, T. D.; Knyazev, E.; Koch, P.; Koekoek, G.; Kojima, Y.; Kokeyama, K.; Koley, S.; Kolitsidou, P.; Kolstein, M.; Komori, K.; Kondrashov, V.; Kong, A. K. H.; Kontos, A.; Koper, N.; Korobko, M.; Kotake, K.; Kovalam, M.; Kozak, D. B.; Kozakai, C.; Kozu, R.; Kringel, V.; Krishnendu, N. V.; Królak, A.; Kuehn, G.; Kuei, F.; Kumar, A.; Kumar, P.; Kumar, Rahul; Kumar, Rakesh; Kume, J.; Kuns, K.; Kuo, C.; Kuo, H-S.; Kuromiya, Y.; Kuroyanagi, S.; Kusayanagi, K.; Kwak, K.; Kwang, S.; Laghi, D.; Lalande, E.; Lam, T. L.; Lamberts, A.; Landry, M.; Lane, B. B.; Lang, R. N.; Lange, J.; Lantz, B.; La Rosa, I.; Lartaux-Vollard, A.; Lasky, P. D.; Laxen, M.; Lazzarini, A.; Lazzaro, C.; Leaci, P.; Leavey, S.; Lecoeuche, Y. K.; Lee, H. K.; Lee, H. M.; Lee, H. W.; Lee, J.; Lee, K.; Lee, R.; Lehmann, J.; Lemaître, A.; Leon, E.; Leonardi, M.; Leroy, N.; Letendre, N.; Levin, Y.; Leviton, J. N.; Li, A. K. Y.; Li, B.; Li, J.; Li, K. L.; Li, T. G. F.; Li, X.; Lin, C-Y.; Lin, F-K.; Lin, F-L.; Lin, H. L.; Lin, L. C. -C.; Linde, F.; Linker, S. D.; Linley, J. N.; Littenberg, T. B.; Liu, G. C.; Liu, J.; Liu, K.; Liu, X.; Llorens-Monteagudo, M.; Lo, R. K. L.; Lockwood, A.; Lollie, M. L.; London, L. T.; Longo, A.; Lopez, D.; Lorenzini, M.; Loriette, V.; Lormand, M.; Losurdo, G.; Lough, J.; Lousto, C. O.; Lovelace, G.; Lück, H.; Lumaca, D.; Lundgren, A. P.; Luo, L. -W.; Macas, R.; MacInnis, M.; Macleod, D. M.; MacMillan, I. A. O.; Macquet, A.; Hernandez, I. Magaña; Magaña-Sandoval, F.; Magazzù, C.; Magee, R. M.; Maggiore, R.; Majorana, E.; Maksimovic, I.; Maliakal, S.; Malik, A.; Man, N.; Mandic, V.; Mangano, V.; Mango, J. L.; Mansell, G. L.; Manske, M.; Mantovani, M.; Mapelli, M.; Marchesoni, F.; Marchio, M.; Marion, F.; Mark, Z.; Márka, S.; Márka, Z.; Markakis, C.; Markosyan, A. S.; Markowitz, A.; Maros, E.; Marquina, A.; Marsat, S.; Martelli, F.; Martin, I. W.; Martin, R. M.; Martinez, M.; Martinez, V.; Martinovic, K.; Martynov, D. V.; Marx, E. J.; Masalehdan, H.; Mason, K.; Massera, E.; Masserot, A.; Massinger, T. J.; Masso-Reid, M.; Mastrogiovanni, S.; Matas, A.; Mateu-Lucena, M.; Matichard, F.; Matiushechkina, M.; Mavalvala, N.; McCann, J. J.; McCarthy, R.; McClelland, D. E.; McClincy, P.; McCormick, S.; McCuller, L.; McGhee, G. I.; McGuire, S. C.; McIsaac, C.; McIver, J.; McManus, D. J.; McRae, T.; McWilliams, S. T.; Meacher, D.; Mehmet, M.; Mehta, A. K.; Melatos, A.; Melchor, D. A.; Mendell, G.; Menendez-Vazquez, A.; Menoni, C. S.; Mercer, R. A.; Mereni, L.; Merfeld, K.; Merilh, E. L.; Merritt, J. D.; Merzougui, M.; Meshkov, S.; Messenger, C.; Messick, C.; Meyers, P. M.; Meylahn, F.; Mhaske, A.; Miani, A.; Miao, H.; Michaloliakos, I.; Michel, C.; Michimura, Y.; Middleton, H.; Milano, L.; Miller, A. L.; Millhouse, M.; Mills, J. C.; Milotti, E.; Milovich-Goff, M. C.; Minazzoli, O.; Minenkov, Y.; Mio, N.; Mir, Ll. M.; Mishkin, A.; Mishra, C.; Mishra, T.; Mistry, T.; Mitra, S.; Mitrofanov, V. P.; Mitselmakher, G.; Mittleman, R.; Miyakawa, O.; Miyamoto, A.; Miyazaki, Y.; Miyo, K.; Miyoki, S.; Mo, Geoffrey; Mogushi, K.; Mohapatra, S. R. P.; Mohite, S. R.; Molina, I.; Molina-Ruiz, M.; Mondin, M.; Montani, M.; Moore, C. J.; Moraru, D.; Morawski, F.; More, A.; Moreno, C.; Moreno, G.; Mori, Y.; Morisaki, S.; Moriwaki, Y.; Mours, B.; Mow-Lowry, C. M.; Mozzon, S.; Muciaccia, F.; Mukherjee, Arunava; Mukherjee, D.; Mukherjee, Soma; Mukherjee, Subroto; Mukund, N.; Mullavey, A.; Munch, J.; Muñiz, E. A.; Murray, P. G.; Musenich, R.; Nadji, S. L.; Nagano, K.; Nagano, S.; Nagar, A.; Nakamura, K.; Nakano, H.; Nakano, M.; Nakashima, R.; Nakayama, Y.; Nardecchia, I.; Narikawa, T.; Naticchioni, L.; Nayak, B.; Nayak, R. K.; Negishi, R.; Neil, B. F.; Neilson, J.; Nelemans, G.; Nelson, T. J. N.; Nery, M.; Neunzert, A.; Ng, K. Y.; Ng, S. W. S.; Nguyen, C.; Nguyen, P.; Nguyen, T.; Quynh, L. Nguyen; Ni, W. -T.; Nichols, S. A.; Nishizawa, A.; Nissanke, S.; Nocera, F.; Noh, M.; Norman, M.; North, C.; Nozaki, S.; Nuttall, L. K.; Oberling, J.; O'Brien, B. D.; Obuchi, Y.; O'Dell, J.; Ogaki, W.; Oganesyan, G.; Oh, J. J.; Oh, K.; Oh, S. H.; Ohashi, M.; Ohishi, N.; Ohkawa, M.; Ohme, F.; Ohta, H.; Okada, M. A.; Okutani, Y.; Okutomi, K.; Olivetto, C.; Oohara, K.; Ooi, C.; Oram, R.; O'Reilly, B.; Ormiston, R. G.; Ormsby, N. D.; Ortega, L. F.; O'Shaughnessy, R.; O'Shea, E.; Oshino, S.; Ossokine, S.; Osthelder, C.; Otabe, S.; Ottaway, D. J.; Overmier, H.; Pace, A. E.; Pagano, G.; Page, M. A.; Pagliaroli, G.; Pai, A.; Pai, S. A.; Palamos, J. R.; Palashov, O.; Palomba, C.; Pan, K.; Panda, P. K.; Pang, H.; Pang, P. T. H.; Pankow, C.; Pannarale, F.; Pant, B. C.; Paoletti, F.; Paoli, A.; Paolone, A.; Parisi, A.; Park, J.; Parker, W.; Pascucci, D.; Pasqualetti, A.; Passaquieti, R.; Passuello, D.; Patel, M.; Patricelli, B.; Payne, E.; Pechsiri, T. C.; Pedraza, M.; Pegoraro, M.; Pele, A.; Arellano, F. E. Peña; Penn, S.; Perego, A.; Pereira, A.; Pereira, T.; Perez, C. J.; Périgois, C.; Perreca, A.; Perriès, S.; Petermann, J.; Petterson, D.; Pfeiffer, H.; Pham, K. A.; Phukon, K. S.; Piccinni, O. J.; Pichot, M.; Piendibene, M.; Piergiovanni, F.; Pierini, L.; Pierro, V.; Pillant, G.; Pilo, F.; Pinard, L.; Pinto, I. M.; Piotrzkowski, B. J.; Piotrzkowski, K.; Pirello, M.; Pitkin, M.; Placidi, E.; Plastino, W.; Pluchar, C.; Poggiani, R.; Polini, E.; Pong, D. Y. T.; Ponrathnam, S.; Popolizio, P.; Porter, E. K.; Powell, J.; Pracchia, M.; Pradier, T.; Prajapati, A. K.; Prasai, K.; Prasanna, R.; Pratten, G.; Prestegard, T.; Principe, M.; Prodi, G. A.; Prokhorov, L.; Prosposito, P.; Prudenzi, L.; Puecher, A.; Punturo, M.; Puosi, F.; Puppo, P.; Pürrer, M.; Qi, H.; Quetschke, V.; Quinonez, P. J.; Quitzow-James, R.; Raab, F. J.; Raaijmakers, G.; Radkins, H.; Radulesco, N.; Raffai, P.; Rail, S. X.; Raja, S.; Rajan, C.; Ramirez, K. E.; Ramirez, T. D.; Ramos Buades, A.; Rana, J.; Rapagnani, P.; Rapol, U. D.; Ratto, B.; Raymond, V.; Raza, N.; Razzano, M.; Read, J.; Rees, L. A.; Regimbau, T.; Rei, L.; Reid, S.; Reitze, D. H.; Relton, P.; Rettegno, P.; Ricci, F.; Richardson, C. J.; Richardson, J. W.; Richardson, L.; Ricker, P. M.; Riemenschneider, G.; Riles, K.; Rizzo, M.; Robertson, N. A.; Robie, R.; Robinet, F.; Rocchi, A.; Rocha, J. A.; Rodriguez, S.; Rodriguez-Soto, R. D.; Rolland, L.; Rollins, J. G.; Roma, V. J.; Romanelli, M.; Romano, R.; Romel, C. L.; Romero, A.; Romero-Shaw, I. M.; Romie, J. H.; Rose, C. A.; Rosińska, D.; Rosofsky, S. G.; Ross, M. P.; Rowan, S.; Rowlinson, S. J.; Roy, Santosh; Roy, Soumen; Rozza, D.; Ruggi, P.; Ryan, K.; Sachdev, S.; Sadecki, T.; Sadiq, J.; Sago, N.; Saito, S.; Saito, Y.; Sakai, K.; Sakai, Y.; Sakellariadou, M.; Sakuno, Y.; Salafia, O. S.; Salconi, L.; Saleem, M.; Salemi, F.; Samajdar, A.; Sanchez, E. J.; Sanchez, J. H.; Sanchez, L. E.; Sanchis-Gual, N.; Sanders, J. R.; Sanuy, A.; Saravanan, T. R.; Sarin, N.; Sassolas, B.; Satari, H.; Sato, S.; Sato, T.; Sauter, O.; Savage, R. L.; Savant, V.; Sawada, T.; Sawant, D.; Sawant, H. L.; Sayah, S.; Schaetzl, D.; Scheel, M.; Scheuer, J.; Schindler-Tyka, A.; Schmidt, P.; Schnabel, R.; Schneewind , M.; Schofield, R. M. S.; Schönbeck, A.; Schulte, B.; Schutz, B. F.; Schwartz, E.; Scott, J.; Scott, S. M.; Seglar-Arroyo, M.; Seidel, E.; Sekiguchi, T.; Sekiguchi, Y.; Sellers, D.; Sengupta, A. S.; Sennett, N.; Sentenac, D.; Seo, E. G.; Sequino, V.; Setyawati, Y. E.; Shaffer, T.; Shahriar, M. S.; Shams, B.; Shao, L.; Sharifi, S.; Sharma, A.; Sharma, P.; Shawhan, P.; Shcheblanov, N. S.; Shen, H.; Shibagaki, S.; Shikauchi, M.; Shimizu, R.; Shimoda, T.; Shimode, K.; Shink, R.; Shinkai, H.; Shishido, T.; Shoda, A.; Shoemaker, D. H.; Shoemaker, D. M.; Shukla, K.; ShyamSundar, S.; Sieniawska, M.; Sigg, D.; Singer, L. P.; Singh, D.; Singh, N.; Singha, A.; Sintes, A. M.; Sipala, V.; Skliris, V.; Slagmolen, B. J. J.; Slaven-Blair, T. J.; Smetana, J.; Smith, J. R.; Smith, R. J. E.; Somala, S. N.; Somiya, K.; Son, E. 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doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abffcd

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Diving below the spin-down limit: Constraints on gravitational waves from the energetic young pulsar PSR J0537-6910

MPS-Authors

/persons/resource/persons40422

Affeldt, C.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons40424

Aufmuth, P.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231077

Bergamin, F.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons226605

Bisht, A.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206562

Bode, N.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

Booker , P.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons40432

Brinkmann, M.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons127862

Buonanno, A.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons226619

Cotesta, R.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

Dal Canton, T.
MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons40437

Danzmann, K.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons192099

Dietrich, T.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231042

Gadre, B.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons238174

Gair, J.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231044

Ghosh, A.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231089

Gohlke, N.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons20658

Grunewald, S.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231099

Heinze, J.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons230632

Hennig, J.-S.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

Hennig , M. H.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons4315

Heurs, M.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

Hochheim , S.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons255675

Hreibi, A.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons202939

Junker, J.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons216263

Kastaun, W.
Binary Merger Observations and Numerical Relativity, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206583

Kirchhoff, R.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206585

Koch, P.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons230636

Koper, N.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons40468

Kringel, V.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

Krishnendu, N. V.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons1458

Kuehn, G.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons226610

Leavey, S.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206589

Lehmann, J.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231131

Liu, J.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206591

Lough, J.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons40475

Lück, H.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons228204

Matas, A.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons40477

Mehmet, M.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231141

Meylahn, F.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231145

Mukund, N.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231127

Nadji, S. L.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons192111

Ossokine, S.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons213835

Pfeiffer, H.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons252878

Prudenzi, L.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons192115

Pürrer, M.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons252359

Ramos Buades, A.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

Schneewind , M.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206604

Schulte, B.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons20673

Schutz, B. F.
Astrophysical Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons226613

Setyawati, Y. E.
Binary Merger Observations and Numerical Relativity, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons40504

Vahlbruch, H.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231186

Venneberg, J.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons216222

Wei, L.-W.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons40509

Weinert, M.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons226615

Wellmann, F.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

Wessels, P.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons216226

Wilken, D.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons40511

Willke, B.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons40514

Winkler, W.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

Wlodarczyk , T.
MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206612

Woehler, J.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons231190

Wrangel, J. v.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206614

Wu, D.
Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, The Virgo Collaboration, The KAGRA Collaboration, Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abraham, S., et al. (2021). Diving below the spin-down limit: Constraints on gravitational waves from the energetic young pulsar PSR J0537-6910. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 913(2): L27. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abffcd.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0007-A49F-D

Abstract

We present a search for continuous gravitational-wave signals from the young,
energetic X-ray pulsar PSR J0537-6910 using data from the second and third
observing runs of LIGO and Virgo. The search is enabled by a contemporaneous
timing ephemeris obtained using NICER data. The NICER ephemeris has also been
extended through 2020 October and includes three new glitches. PSR J0537-6910
has the largest spin-down luminosity of any pulsar and is highly active with
regards to glitches. Analyses of its long-term and inter-glitch braking indices
provided intriguing evidence that its spin-down energy budget may include
gravitational-wave emission from a time-varying mass quadrupole moment. Its 62
Hz rotation frequency also puts its possible gravitational-wave emission in the
most sensitive band of LIGO/Virgo detectors. Motivated by these considerations,
we search for gravitational-wave emission at both once and twice the rotation
frequency. We find no signal, however, and report our upper limits. Assuming a
rigidly rotating triaxial star, our constraints reach below the
gravitational-wave spin-down limit for this star for the first time by more
than a factor of two and limit gravitational waves from the $l=m=2$ mode to
account for less than 14% of the spin-down energy budget. The fiducial
equatorial ellipticity is limited to less than about 3e-5, which is the third
best constraint for any young pulsar.